
Washington 



1'^ Visitors' Guide 







A visit to the National Capital is but half made unless it includes the 
home and tomb of IVas/iing-ton.—EwBRurT. 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 



PRICE, 25 CrS. 





Copyright N 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 




The Tomb of Washington. 



VISITORS' GUIDE 



MOUNT yek:non 



/ 

ELIZABETH B. JOHNSTON. 

'I 



Washington was the greatest of good men and the best of great 
men. — Edward Everett. 



Seventeenth Edition. 




GIBSON BROTHERS, PRINTERS, 
Washington, D. C. 



7-77 



\\ 



^3 



ii 



3-737 



An extensive traveller and witty friend of the writer 
sweepingly declares that " Guide-books contain everything 
■which one does not wish to know." 

With the hope that the brevity of the following pages will 
save this little Guide from even the suspicion of conveying 
undesirable information, the possessor is respectfully invited 
to peruse it first, and render judgment afterwards. 

It is designed simply as a practical assistant to the visitor 
to Mount Vernon, all merely patriotic or poetic sentimentality 
being purposely avoided. E. B. J. 



Copyrighted, 1891, by Elizabeth 13. Johnston. 



^^P s^3^ sTs?^ 3|!^^S^4^«3fsT''S^afa?f 



The home of Washington, is situated on the west bank 
of the Potomac, sixteen miles south of the Capital, 
and may be approached by land or water. Formerly, 
it was a pleasant drive thither from Washington, across 
the famous Long Bridge, and through the interesting 
old town of Alexandria, which, with its many dilapi- 
dated, moss-covered buildings, 'reminds the traveller 
of cities in foreign lands. From Alexandria the road 
runs partly over what once constituted the Washington 
Estate, a princely domain of 8,000 acres. However, 
very few persons take this route, for (Sundays excep- 
ted) the new iron and steel steamer, 

CHARLES MACALE8TER, 

built expressly for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Associa- 
tion, makes two trips a day from April 15th to Sept. 15th, 
leaving Seventh-street wharf at 10 a. m. and 2.30 p. m., 
returning at 2 and 5.45 p. m. -If desired, visitors can 
remain at Mount Vernon until the second trip of the 
boat. From Sept. 15th to April 15th the boat leaves 
at 10 A. M., and returning, reaches Washington at 3 p. m. 
The Charles Macalester is commanded by Capt. L. 
L. Blake, a most agreeable, efficient, and considerate 
officer — a gentleman who neglects nothing needful for 
the comfort or pleasure of passengers. The steamer 
is well adapted for the purpose, being fast, safe, and 
commodious (carrying 1,400 people), and handsomely 
furnished. It was named in honor of one of the earliest 
and truest friends of the Association, the father of the 
present Kegent, Mrs. Lily L. Macalester Laugh ton. 



At the Mount Vernon Lauding visitors are cour- 
teously received by Supt. Harrison H. Dodge, who 
gives patient and intelligent attention to every question. 

The number of persons who take this trip during the 
year is very great, coming from every State of the Re- 
public, and from all civilized portions of the world. 
Even the Indian delegations are unwilling to leave the 
Capital without visiting Mount Vernon. It is an im- 
pressive scene to witness them pass before the door of 
the tomb, push their tawny hands between the iron 
bars, and pronounce in solemn dignity their character- 
istic salutation, " How ! " 

Leaving the Capital, the first object upon the left 
bank of the Potomac is the 

UNITED STATES ARSENAL. 

After its establishment in the early part of the century 
it served several purposes ; at one time being a military 
station, and afterwards a sort of supply depot. It was 
destroyed by the British in 1814, a number of whom 
were killed by the explosion of a quantity of powder 
secreted in a well near the quarters. After it was re- 
built it was for some time under the command of M. 
Villard, a French officer who came to the United States 
with Gen. Lafayette. In 1864 an explosion of car- 
tridges and signal-rockets in the workshop instantly 
killed twenty-one young girls, to whose memory a 
handsome monument was erected in the Congressional 
Cemetery by the citizens of Washington. 

Just across the Eastern Branch, which flows into 
the Potomac below the Arsenal, is the 

GOVERNMENT INSANE ASYLUM; 

and on the Virginia shore, not far distant, the Episcopal 
Seminary of Virginia forms a prominent feature of 
the landscape. This is often mistaken for "Fairfax 



Court-Honse," wliicb, though near, is not visible from 
the river. 

Below the junction, on the Maryland side, is Gies- 
boro Point, which during the late war was used by the 
Government as a corral for horses. A. little beyond 
are the Naval Powder Magazines, which were removed 
from the vicinity of the city in consequence of the 
danger to the Capitol in the event of an explosion. 
Below Giesboro Point is the river terminus of the 
extension of the Baltimore and Ohio R.R. 

The first landing is at the town of 

ALEXANDRIA 

one of the oldest and most important ports of the Col- 
onies. It was first known as " Hunting Creek Ware- 
house ;" afterwards as "Belhaven." In 1749 it was 
organized and governed by a board of trustees in pur- 
suance of an act of the General Assembly of the Colony 
of Virginia, and fourteen years later we find George 
Washington a member of this board. 

In 1762 it was enlarged by the addition of lots from 
the farms belonging to the Wests, Dades, and Alex- 
anders, and in 1779 incorporated as a town and 
named Alexandria in compliment to the largest land- 
holders. In 1801 it was ceded to the General Govern- 
ment as a portion of the District of Columbia. In 
1814 it was captured by the British, and in 1846 it was 
retroceded to the State of Virginia. 

Alexandria was chiefly settled by the English of the 
higher classes, who, like other colonists, indicated 
their affection for the mother country in the names of 
its streets, such as King, Prince, Princess, Duke, and 
Royal. Here, Washington had his chief social, re- 
ligious and Masonic relations, and in his will he ce- 
mented these ties by endowing a free school " for the 
purpose of educating orphan children, or the children 



8 

of such poor and indigent persons as are unable to ac- 
complish it with their own means." Washington cast 
here his first vote in 1754, and his last in 1799. 

One can scarcely realize that this town ever rivalled 
Baltimore in commerce, but Bishop Meade says "so 
promising was it at the close of the war that its claims 
were weighed in the balance with those of Washington 
as the seat of the National Government. It is thought 
but for the unwillingness of Washington to seem par- 
tial to Virginia, Alexandria would have been the chosen 
spot, and that on the first range of hills overlooking the 
town the public buildings would have been erected." 
The only official mourners at Washington's funeral were 
from this town, consisting of Lodge No. 23, of which 
he was a member, the regiment he had commanded, 
and the Corporation of Alexandria. 

From the Potomac can be seen the old-style spire of 

CHRIST CHURCH, 

of which Washington was vestryman. This Church was 
builtjin 1783, of bricks brought from England. Washing- 
ton's large square pew is an object of interest to visitors, 
but the silver plate bearing his name 'was years since 
stolen. Kecently two memorials in white marble have 
been placed on either side of the chancel — one to George 
Washington and the other to Robert E. Lee, who was 
also a vestryman. On one of the principal streets leading 
from the river is a large hotel ; part of the rear of this 
building, a low section, with three dormer windows, is 
the old "Carey House," which was occupied as the 

HEADQUARTERS OF OEN. BRADDOCK. 

Here, in 1755, George Washington was appointed his 
aide-de-camp. The room in which was held the Coun- 
cil of the Governors of Pennsylvania, New York, Mas- 
sachusetts, Maryland and Virginia remains unchanged. 



10 

At this time Major Washington made his last appeal to 
Braddock before the Counci], to forego civihzed meth- 
ods of warfare with the Indians, previous to the pro- 
jected march on Fort DuQnesue, and the disastrous 
engagement of Monongahela. In this neighborhood 
is the Marshall House, rebuilt upon the site of the hotel 
in which Col. Ellsworth was shot in 1861. 

A short distance from Alexandria, at the mouth of 
Hunting Creek, is Jones' Point, where a Government 
light-house was built in 1855. 

FORT FOOTE, 

on the Maryland side, is the second landing. It is sit- 
uated on a high bluff one hundred feet above the water, 
six miles below Washington. This work, which is an 
enclosed barbette, was constructed during the civil war 
for the defence of Alexandria, and was dismantled 
October 18, 1878. 

FORT WASHINGTON, 

the last landing made before reaching Mount Vernon, 
and four miles distant therefrom, is at the confluence 
of the Potomac and Piscataway creek, and occupies 
the site of the " Fort of the Susquehannoughs," where, 
in 1676, in retaliation for the murder of whites, a 
massacre of the great men of the tribe by Maryland 
and Virginia troops took place, under a flag of truce. 
The outrage was investigated the following winter by 
the Assembly of Maryland, and an account of the pro- 
ceedings may be found in the archives of that State, 
recently published by the Maryland Historical Society. 
In 1794, an official order was issued by General Henry 
Knox, first Secretary of War, for the erection of a fort 
at this point, but it was not finished until 1811. There 
is a tradition that its availability as a fortification was 
suggested to General Washington, as he viewed the 



11 

spot from the eastern piazza of his home. The fort, 
popularly called Warburto7i, from Warbarton Manor, 
the estate upon which it was built, was blown up and 
abandoned in 1814 by our own forces, when the British 
troops passed up the river and captured Alexandria. 
The present fort was begun in 1815 and finished in 
1824, at a cost of $556,000. From a bend in the 
river opposite the fort are seen the National Wash- 
ington Monument and the dome of the Capitol. It 
was here that an Indian was so impressed by the beauty 
of that wonder of architecture that he exclaimed : 
" White man did not build it ; Great Spirit made it!" 
From the same point we obtain our first glimpse of 




Here the river is two miles wide, and the Mansion- 
House has a stately appearance situated about two 
hundred feet above the water. The tolling of the bell 
and the hoisting of the flag announce to the passengers 
that they are approaching the Home of Washington. 
Immediately under the bluff upon which the Mansion 
stands is the reservation of a few acres, which was for- 
merly used as a deer-park. In 1887 this park was re- 
stored and stocked with fine deer, at an expense of 
$3,300, by the Messrs. Campbell, of St. Louis, in mem- 
ory of their mother, Mrs. Kobert Campbell, formerly 
Vice-Regent for Missouri. On the river front of the 
deer-park is a landing of historic interest. The com- 
mander of a British vessel during the Revolution sent 
a boat's crew ashore and demanded provisions, threat- 
ening in event of refusal to burn the Mansion. The 
frightened overseer complied with the demand, thus 
preventing the destruction of the house ; but Washing- 
ton wrote him a letter of reproof, which is still on rec- 



12 

ord, ordering, in case of another attack, " to let every- 
thing be burned rather than give aid or comfort to the 
enemy." The main part of the wharf was constructed 
by Washington, but it has been extended in conse- 
quence of the increasing shallowness of the river. 
From this wharf he used to load his barges with flour 
ground at his own mill, the famous brand, " George 
"Washington, Mount Vernon," being so favorably known 
at the custom-houses as to pass without inspection. 

A handsome shelter-house has recently (1891) been 
erected upon the wharf by the Vice-Regent for Cali- 
fornia. It not only adds an attractive feature to the 
landing, but offers protection from heat or storm. 

Visitors are met at the landing by the courteous 
Superintendent, and proceed up a gentle acclivity to 

THE TOMB 

of him " who was first in war, first in peace, and first 
in the hearts of his countrymen." 

To the left of the road is a high, well-wooded hill- 
side, abounding with sweet-briar, trailing arbutus, and 
other flowers. On the right is an open park, extend- 
ing beyond the house. About half way up, in a small 
ravine, are several weeping willows, brought from the 
grave of Napoleon at St. Helena. These vividly recall 
the immortal epigrammatic announcement of the death 
of Washington, made by General Bonaparte to his army 
in Egypt, beginning with — 

" WASHINGTON, THE FRIEND OF LIBERTY, IS DEAD ! " 

The Tomb is a plain brick structure, familiar, through 
multiplied prints, to every school-boy in the land. It 
was built by Washington's executors, and in pursuance 
of a clause in his will designating the location, and 
saying, '' it shall be built of brick." The front of the 
Tomb is unpretending, with wide, arching gateway and 



13 

double iron gates, above which, upon a plain marble 
slab, is this inscription : 

" WITHIN THIS ENCLOSURE REST THE REMAINS OF 
GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON." 

The ante-room to the vault is about twelve feet 
square, and here are seen the sarcophagi. The one on 
the right contains the remains of General Washington, 
and that on the left the remains of Martha his wife. 
In the vault at the rear repose about thirty relatives, 
members of the Washington, Blackburn, Corbin, Bush- 
rod, Lewis, and Custis families. 

To this vault the body of Washington was removed, 
April 19th, 1831, in consequence of a feeling of inse- 
curity, a man having broken into the old tomb and 
stolen a skull which he claimed to, be that of W^ash- 
ington, but which proved to be of one of the Black- 
burn family. 

In the winter of 1832, Congress, for the second time, 
made an effort to effect the removal of Washington's 
body to the chamber under the crypt of the Capitol, 
originally designed for its sepulchre. 

Adams, Clay, Webster, Thomas, and even Washing- 
ton's venerable biographer, Chief-Justice Marshall, 
earnestly endeavored to secure its removal, the cen- 
tennial anniversary of Washington's birth being se- 
lected for the solemn occasion. The family, however, 
was firm in refusal, through respect for the well-known 
wish of the illustrious dead. 

The body was placed in the sarcophagus, where it 
now rests, on the 7th of October, 1837. The door of 
the inner vault was then closed, and the key thrown 
into the Potomac. 

The sarcophagi which contain the remains of Gen. 
Washington and his wife were presented by John 
Strutbers, of Philadelphia, and were wrought by his 
own hand from solid blocks of Pennsylvania marble. 



14 

Over the door of the tomb, on a plain tablet, is the 
inscription : 
" I AM THE Resurrection and the Life. He that 

BELIEVETH IN Me, THOUGH HE WERE DEAD, 
YET SHALL HE LIVE." 

The sarcophagus of Mrs. Washington is perfectly 
plain, with the simple words : 

Martha, 

Consort of Washington, 

Died May 21st, 1801; Aged 71 years. 

The sarcophagus of Washington is also plain, being 
ornamented only with the United States coat-of-arms, 
upon a draped flag, under which is the single word, 
Washington. 

One of the talons of the eagle, in the coat-of-arms, 
was broken off during the civil war by some eager 
i-elic-hunter, which incident suggested the outer and 
higher gate. This was the only outrage committed at 
Mount Vernon, though the unarmed pickets of both 
armies often met before the tomb — here, and here only, 
met as brothers. At the servants' request they left 
their arms at whatever point they entered the sacred 
domain, which was frequently three-quarters of a mile 
away, at the old Porter's Lodge. 

Near the entrance of the vault are four plain white 
marble monuments, two in front and two on the north 
side. They bear the following inscriptions : 

Within the vault lie buried the mortal remains of 
BusHROD Washington, 
An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the U. S. 
He died in Philadelphia, Nov. 2Gth, 1829, aged 68. 
By his side is interred his devoted wife, Anna Blackburn, 
who survived her beloved husband but two days, aged 60. 
" The heart was broke, and aches no more." 
'* They were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in death they 
were not divided." 



15 

This humble monument to the memory of the venerated Judge 
and his beloved wife is placed here by her niece, the widow of 
his nephew, John A. Washington. 

As a Judge he was wise and just. "A man of truth hating 
covetousness." Firm in every honorable purpose and pursuit, 
yet gentle, humble, and condescending. A sincere Christian, 
doing in all things the will of his Master, and resting his hope of 
eternal happiness alone on the righteousness of Jesus Christ. 

Judge Washington was the son of John Augustine Washington, 
and the nephew of Gen'l George Washington, who appointed him 
one of his executors, and bequeathed him Mount Vernon. 



Sacred to the memory of John Augustine, son of Corbin and 
Hannah Lee Washington, and nephew of Judge Bushrod Wash- 
ington, who appointed him one of his executors, and bequeathed 
him Mt. Vernon, where he died June 16, 1832, aged 43. 

His strength of mind, his firm integrity, and pure repub- 
lican principles were known to all who were familiar with him. 

His mortal remains are interred within the vault, and this hum- 
ble monument to his worth, his purity, and unostentatious ex- 
cellence in all the relations of life, is erected by his widow. 



Sacred to the memory of Eleanor Pabke Lewis, grand- 
daughter of Mrs., & adopted daughter of General, Washington. 

Beared under the roof of the Father of his Country, this lady 
was not more remarkable for the beauty of her person than for 
the superiority of her mind. 

She lived to be admired, and died to be regretted on the loth 
of July, 1852, in the 74th year of her age. 



Sacred to the memory of Mrs. M. E. A. Conrad, wife of Chas. 
M. Conrad, of New Orleans, daughter of Law'e and Eleanor P. 
Lewis, and grand-niece of Gen'l George Washington, born April 



16 

1st, 1813, at Woodlawn, Fairfax Co.,Va., and died Sept. 21st, 
1839, at Pass Christian, Missi., in the 27th year of her age. 

Erected to the memory of a beloved wife by her husband. 

If the possession of every virtue that adorns or dignifies her 
sex could have warded off the stroke of death, she would have 
been immortal, and those who mourn her untimely end are con- 
soled by reflection that those virtues seemed better to fit her for 
the abode to which her spirit has fled than for that which it has 
abandoned. 

THE OLD TOMB. 

The original Tomb of Washington is on the right of the 
path to the house. This spot commands an extended 
view of the river, but has not the sechision of the "New 
Tomb," which may have been the reason Washington 
desired the removal of the remains of the family to a 
new vault, which was not done for nearly thirty-two years. 

The old tombstone, found several years since at 
"Woodlawn," a portion of Washington's estate, has 
been returned bj' Mr. Mason, then owner of Woodlawn, 
and placed in original position. It is a plain granite 
block, three feet long and two feet wide, with "Wash- 
ington Family" upon it. Mrs. EHzabeth Rathbone, 
Vice- Regent for Michigan, on behalf of her State, has 
completely restored the Old Tomb, and protected it 
with an iron railing. 

W^hen Lafayette was "the Nation's Guest" in 1824- 
25, a military guard was his escort from Alexandria to 
visit this tomb — an event quaintly described by M. 
Levasseur, one of his suite: "The cannon of the fort, 
thundering anew, announce that Lafayette rendered 
homage to the ashes of Washington. * * * Simple 
and modest as he was during life, the tomb of the citi- 
zen-hero is scarcely perceived amid the sombre cy- 
presses by which it is surrounded ; a vault slightly 
elevated and sodded over, a wooden door without in- 



18 

scriptions, some withered and some green garlands, 
indicate to the traveller who visits this spot the place 
where rest in peace the puissant arms which broke the 
chains of this country. At the door of the vault Mr. 
Custis presented Gen. Lafayette with a massive gold 
ring, containing some of the hair of the great man." 

Near the road leading to the mansion was a magnifi- 
cent primeval oak, twelve feet in circumference, called 
the "Washington Oak," which, in 1882, was destroyed 
by a storm. Its wide shelter was a favorite resting- 
place of the retired chieftain on returning from the 
wharf, where he was in the habit of superintending the 
loading of his barges. 

OLD BRICK BARN. 
The first building reached after the ascent is a large 
old barn, erected in 1733 by Lawrence Washington, the 
brother from whom W^ashington inherited this estate. 
This commodious store-house was built of bricks 
brought from England. It was re-roofed at great ex- 
pense in 1875, and will well repay a few moments of 
attention, as showing that the gentlemen of the " old 
school '' were not far behind the present time in their 
ideas of shelter, and that " a righteous man regardeth 
the life of his beast." 

MANSION- HO USE. 

The Mansion-House is a wooden structure, the sid- 
ings of which are cut and painted to resemble stone. 
The central and main part was built by Lawrence 
Washington in 1743, and he called it " Mount Vernon,'- 
after his highly-esteemed superior officer in the British 
navy, the gallant Admiral Vernon. The cellar is am- 
ple, constructed according to the old-fashioned ideas 
of durability, and there seems no reason why the 
building should not stand five hundred years. 

The parts of' the house known as the North ard 



19 



South extensions were added by General Washington, 
1784-5. The residence, as left by Lawrence Washing- 
ton, had been termed a " villa;" as enlarged, with ex- 
tensions, colonnades in front and back, by George 
Washington, it was dignified as a " Mansion- House." 
Its length is ninety-six feet and its depth thirty feet. 

THE PIAZZA 

extends the entire east front of the house. It is fifteen 
feet wide and twenty-five feet high. Eight large square 
pillars support the roof, which is ornamented by a 
balustrade. It is paved with flags, brought from the 
Isle of Wight, which are twelve inches square and two 
and a half inches thick. The Windsor chairs — a re- 
production of those used here in the days of Washing- 
ton — were presented by the Vice-Regent of Louisiana. 
On the west are curved colonnades, leading on one side 
to the family kitchen, and on the other to the kitchen 
used on state occasions. 



MAIN HALL. 

(^Alabama.') 

Entering the central hall 
from the east, the first object 
of interest is the " Key of the 
Bastile," which hangs in a 
glass casket on the south wall. 

This emblem of oppression 
was presented to the " great 
friend of Liberty " by Lafay- 
ette, immediately after the 
destruction of the Bastile, 
1789, a compliment highly 
prized by Washington. In 
writing of it, the Marquis 
said : " It is a tribute which 




I owe as a son to my 



20 

adopted father ; as an aide-de-camp to my general ; as 
a missionary of liberty to its patriarch." 

This souvenir was confided to the care of that 
staunch republican, Thomas Paine, who, being de- 
tained in London, consigned it to another person, with 
a model and drawing of the Bastile which had been 
ordered by Lafayette previous to his command to 
demolish the old prison. Paine, in writing to Wash- 
ington, very happily says : " That the principles of 
America opened the Bastile is not to be doubted ; and, 
therefore, the key comes to the right place." 

Here, also, is a fac-simile of Marquis de Lafayette's 
agreement to serve in the Continental army, made 
in 1776 with Silas Deane at Paris. It may not be 
generally known that Lafayette agreed to serve with- 
out remuneration upon condition that he should be 
permitted to return to France whenever called by his 
family or King. He was then only nineteen, and his 
noble house would not allow him to enter our army 
unless he received the rank of Major- General. 

In 1884, Mrs. Ella Smith Herbert, Vice-Kegent for 
Alabama, procured the sword worn by Washington at 
Braddock's Defeat. Several years before his death he 
gave it to his nephew, George Lewis, from whose 
family it was purchased. This valuable souvenir is 
placed in a handsomely mounted glass case, on the 
north wall of the hall, and above it are life-size bass- 
relief j)ortraits, in bronze, of Washington and Lafayette. 

The Vice-Regent also replaced three old engravings 
that " hung in the passage '' — The Death of Mont- 
gomery, The Battle of Bunker Hill, by Col. Trumbull, 
1798, and St. Agnes, 1759. The ceiling has been re- 
newed, and the panelled walls painted in their origi- 
nal tints. The old floor, being greatly worn, was in 
1875 removed, and replaced by a substantial double 
floor (the under layer being of yellow pine, and the 



21 

upper of solid oak with black walnut bordering), by 
Mrs. Hannah B. Farnsworth, late Vice-Regent for 
Michigan. 

The table in the corner, on which the Visitor's Reg- 
ister is placed, once belonged to William A Washing- 
ton, nephew of the General, and was presented by the 
Vice-Regent for West Virginia. On the other side 
stands Washington's hall table, — mahogany with 
marble top. Presented by Mrs. Macalester Laughton, 
Regent. 

The old-style wainscotings and the designs of cor- 
nice and ceiling of this hall and the two rooms on 
either side — this being the old part cf the house — will 
attract general attention. The view from the east door 
commands the Potomac, or Pedhammock [" They are 
coming"], as the Indians named this noble stream. 
The generous lawn, gardens, and encircling forests on 
the west present a scene of equal beauty. The ponder- 
ous brass knocker on the west door of the hall, which 
has been lifted by so many illustrious guests, presents 
a dignified individuality markedly in contrast with the 
giddy, jingling bell of modern times. On the step 
outside the door is a pair of the once indispensable 
*' scrapers," contemporary with the stately knocker. 

STAIRWAY. 

The stairway leading from the main hall is divided 
into three sections, and is broad, but severely plain. 
On the first landing is an old clock, a gift from New- 
Jersey. 



22 




The Harpsichord. 

THE EAST PARLOR, OR MUSIC ROOM, 
[Oliio,) 
has been allotted to Ohio, and tastefully furnished in 
the style of the Ee volution through the efforts of the 
Vice-Regent, who has restored this room with historical 
fidelity. Washington had the elegant blue tapestry sig- 
nificantly decorated with musical instruments. The 
cord lambrequins, the tambour-worked muslin curtains, 
with gilt cornices surmounted by the American Eagle, 
are copies of the original furnishings. The handsome 
cabinet, pier- table, and chairs, bearing the AVashington 
crest, were manufactured in the Queen City. The 
dainty designs of the ceiling and the delicate tints of 
the walls are faithfully reproduced. In this room is 



23 

Washington's silver-mounted rosewood flute, purchased 
from a relative. Here, also, are the harpsichord and 
music-stool, the first President's bridal present to 
Eleanor Parke Custis, his adopted daughter. The 
harpsichord was given to the Association by her 
daughter-in-law, Mrs. Lorenzo Lewis. It was an 
elegant piece of furniture a century ago, and was 
ordered from London at a cost of one thousand dollars. 
The guitar, or " citra " as it is called in the old instruc- 
tion book which accompanied it, belonged to Washing- 
ton's first cousin, Mrs. Fauntleroy nee Sarah Ball. 
Purchased from her granddaughter. The Venetian 
mirror is of the same style as that which hung there 
in the time of Washington, and the card table is one 
at which Washington and Lafayette played whist. 

Over the door leading to the banquet hall are two 
swords, presented by General U. S. Grant. 

In the cabinet will be seen a plan of the tiles of the 
piazza at Mount Vernon, drawn by Washington, with 
his written instructions, from Philadelphia to his 
nephew in regard to having it repaired during his 
absence. Washington's spectacles, presented by his 
great grand-niece, Mrs. Mary Byrd Dallas. A Pallissy 
china figure which belonged to him, and was purchased 
from one of the family. The glass preserve dish and 
champagne glasses were owned by Washington. A 
plate of Owarroo china which belonged to Mrs. Faunt- 
leroy. Two dishes of blue and gold, part of Mrs. Wash- 
ington's dessert set, a gift from the late Mr. W. W. 
Corcoran. 

BANQUET HALL. 
{Neio York.) 

The Music Room opens into the north extension, or 
Banquet Hall, which has been assigned to the Vice-Re- 
gent of New York for that State, and in its day was a 
princely salon. Lafayette, Rochambeau, L'Enfant, Bris- 



24 

sot, Hamilton, Thomson, Jefferson, Madison, Marshall, 
Moustier, Henry, Monroe, Henry Lee, Dr. Craik, 
D'Yrujo, Morris, Mason, Dr. Thornton, the artists Hou- 
don, C. W. Peale, Trumbull, Latrobe, Pine and many of 
the great generals of the Eevolution honored it with 
their presence. The high ceiling is white, ornamented 
with stucco-work. The design comprises a lapge cir- 
cular centre-piece, bordered with an arabesque pattern. 
Irregular-shaped panels complete the oblong, and in 
each panel are implements and emblems of agricul- 
ture. Enclosing all is a rich border of intertwining, 
grape and laurel. The walls, of beautiful colonial buff, 
are finished with a deep indented frieze, decorated 
with festoons of leaves, and bordered with a narrow 
carving, below which is a band of delicate gray, with 
white stucco-ornaments. 

This room was completed in 1784, and it is said the 
first paper was hung upon its walls by illustrious 
hands. It was at the time of Lafayette's third visit 
to America, and he, with several French noblemen, 
were at Mount Vernon. A ball was to be given in their 
honor. The paper, imported from England, had arrived, 
but the upholsterer failed to appear, greatly to the 
annoyance of the hostess. The gallant Marquis, with 
his national enthusiasm, exclaimed: "Madame, do not 
despair ; see, here are three able-bodied men who will 
readily accomplish it." Whereupon the work Of paper- 
hanging was commenced by the visitors, who were 
promptly and efficiently assisted by General Wash- 
ington. 

An elaborately carved mantel-piece of Carrara mar- 
ble, with Sienna marble columns, is the chief ornament 
of this room. This exquisite work has been attributed 
to Canova. It was wrought in Italy, and presented 
to Washington by Mr. Samuel Vaughan, an English 
gentleman. On its passage from Italy it fell into the 




Mantel, State Dintng-Room. — (Seep. 27.) 



L 



26 

hands of French pirates, who, upon discovering that it 
was intended for George Washington, sent it uninjured 
to its destination. It has received less respectful 
treatment from unknown land pirates, for its delicately 
carved figures and ornaments have been mutilated and 
broken by relic-hunters. Strange to say, this and other 
kinds of reckless desecration are frequently indulged 
in by persons who visit Mount Vernon, in spite of the 
watchful care of the Superintendent and his associates. 

An elegant old hand-carved mahogany sideboard, 
with heavy bevelled glass doors, is in this room, and 
in it are placed valuable relics, among them being a 
a large rose china punch-bowl, owned by General 
Washington. Presented by Mrs. J. V. R. Townsend, 
V. R. for New York, on behalf of her State. 

Above the side-board are placed three interesting 
water-color paintings, presented by the Vice-Regent for 
California. They are grouped about a frame contain- 
taining the Washington coat of arms, and an illumi- 
nated key to the paintings, as follows : 

" Sulgrave Manor, in Northamptonshire, England, was for- 
merly the home of the Washington family. 

" Great Brington Church, Northamptonshire, contains some 
tombs of the Washiugtons. One bears the shield of the fam- 
ily — the three stars, the bars, and the three mullets. 

" The Washington Cottage, in the Parish of Little Brington, 
is also associated with the Washingtons. On a tablet over the 
door is this inscription : ' The Lord giveth, the Lord taketh 
away. Blessed be the name of the Lord. A. D. 1606.' " 

A large mahogany table, of the stylo from which 
banquets were served here a century ago, stands in 
the centre and is used by the Association in council. 

On a massive rosewood table, under a large glass 
with heavy silver mountings, is 



27 

A MODEL OF THE B AS TILE, 

cut from the granite stones of the demolished prison. 
It was presented to Washington by Lafayette. Accom- 
panying it is a plan of the interior of the prison, with 
its approaches, which affords a trustworthy study of 
this celebrated blood-stained pile. 

The two elegant mirrors, more than a hundred and 
fifty years old, were given by one of the Van Rens- 
selaer family. 

Upon the mantel are a pair of porcelain vases and 
an old French mantel clock, all once the property of 
Washington. The vases were made at the first porce- 
lain manufactory in Philadelphia, near Schuylkill river. 
They are decorated with painted medallions of scenes 
from Don Quixote, naval battle, etc., with gilded griffin 
handles and highly burnished gold bases. Presented 
by the Vice-Regent for New York. 

The clock has the old-fashioned bull's-eye face, with 
brass hands. The works are enclosed by four columns 
of black marble, rising from a marble base, and sup- 
porting a white marble top-piece, which is adorned 
with buhl work, with the American eagle. Made by 
Breul, of Paris. Presented by Mrs. Eliza B. Wood- 
ward, Vice-Regent for Kentucky. These were pur- 
chased at the Philadelphia sale in December, 1890. 

Upon the mantel is also an extremely pretty photo- 
graphic copy of a pastel portrait of Nellie Custis, 
when a girl. Presented by Mrs. Winder, Vice-Regent 
for New Hampshire. 

Above the mantel is the mirror that originally 
hung in this room. This handsome relic is four feet 
ten inches high and three feet wide. The frame is 
gilt and composed of two fluted columns, supporting 
a top-piece, surmounted by two urns, and an American 
eagle with out-spread wings in the centre. Under the 
top-piece is a glass panel, painted black with gold 



28 

traceiy, in the centre of which is a white scroll bearing 
the Washington coat-of-arms. Between the pillars on 
each side of the mirror is a glass panel, painted black 
with gilt tracings. The mirror itself has been broken, 
but the original pieces have been put together so as to 
nearly fill out the space. This rare piece was inherited 
by Lawrence Washington from General Washington. 

Purchased at the Philadelphia sale in December, 
1890, by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. 

An interesting history is given of the two mahogany 
tripods, or flower-stands, which have lately been re- 
turned to the place they occupied during the lifetime of 
Washington. 

Dr. William Thornton was an intimate friend of the 
fiirst President, and on the occasion of his marriage, took 
his bride to Mt. Vernon, and when they were leaving 
the General suggested making them a wedding present. 
The young wife replied that some memento of the house 
would be more highly prized than any other gift, where- 
upon she was requested to select some article, and she 
chose the tripods, which were given her. At her death 
they passed to a friend ; but were finally sold to the 
generous sons of the late Mrs. Robert Campbell, Vice- 
Regent for Missouri, who restored them to the Banquet 
Hall, after obtaining proofs of their authenticity, certi- 
fied to before a notary public. 

Over one door hangs a fine copy of Stuart's Wash- 
ington, and over another a copy of Trumbull's portrait, 
representing him in Continental uniform ; both pict- 
ures having been painted and presented by J. R. 
Lambdin, a Philadelphia artist. 

Above the door opening upon the piazza is a silken 
banner bearing the royal arms of England. This 
souvenir was presented to the Association by General 
Grant, and has been framed and glazed to preserve it 
from injury. 



29 

On the right of the door leadiug to the music room 
is a fine miniature of Washington, presented to the 
Association in 1889, by Samuel P. Avery, of N. Y. 
The inscription on a brass plate gives its history : 
'' Painted by Henry Bone, K. A., Enamel Painter to 
the King. London, May, 1825. From the original 
by Gilbert Stuart, painted from life for the Marquis 
of Lansdowne, Philadelphia, April, 1796." 

At the left of the door is a piece of printed cotton 
with representations of the storming of the Bastile. 

Through the Vice-Regent for New York the late 
Walton White Evans, of New Rochelle, grandson of 
a member of Washington's staff, and an eminent civil 
engineer and graceful writer, presented the woven re- 
production of the Stuart head — a triumph of the 
French loom — and the exquisite water-color copy of 
EHzabeth Sharpless' miniature, which hang in this 
room. Beneath the latter is the matchless eulogium, 
credited to Richardson — a most remarkable tribute to 

The Chakactek of Washington. 

On the west side of the room is the famous eques- 
trian portrait of Washington, by Rembrandt Peale, 

' ' WA8HIN0 TON BEFORE TORE TO TTiV, " 

which was presented to the ladies of the " Mount Ver- 
non Association '' in June, 1873, by the heirs of that 
distinguished artist. Few other pictures of the great 
man elicited so much approval from his contempora- 
ries, and this valuable canvas could not be placed amid 
more harmonious associations. 

It presents the Captain in the zenith of his glory, and 
at a moment when all the force of the commander is 
called forth in the act of rebuking a subordinate for 
perilous neglect of duty. The accompanying portraits 
of Hamilton, Lafayette, Knox, Lincoln, and Rocham- 



30 

beau greatly enhance the picture. The elegant walnut 
frame of this painting was made from a tree grown 
upon the farm of Kobert Morris, the financier of the 
Kevolution. The artist executed this painting with the 
hope of placing it in the Rotunda of the National 
Capitol. 

At the right of the picture, in a glass case, is a copy, 
by Clark Mills, of Houdon's bust; and at the left 
hangs a portrait of David Rittenhouse, engraved by 
E. Savage from the painting by C. W. Peale. It be- 
longed to Washington, but was sold with other effects 
in 1802, and in 1886 was presented to the Association, 
through the Vice-Regent for Maine, by James K. 
Cleary, of Washington, D. C. 

Below the portrait is a foot-bench, that formerly 
belonged to Washington, having been in his pew at 
Old Trinity Church, New York. It was purchased 
directly afterwards by Mr. Van Horn, and presented 
by his descendant, Mrs. Julia Norrie Beach, of New 
York city. Near by stands the tripod used by Wash- 
ington when a youth. 

Mr. G. W. Childs, of Philadelphia, has presented 
the proof of Washington's Farewell Address, which 
has been very handsomely mounted on glass and set 
in a swinging frame elaborately carved. This docu- 
ment is a copy of Claypoole' s American Daily Ad- 
vertiser for September 19, 1796, and contains the 
corrections made by Washington in his own hand- 
writing. 

In a standard of swinging frames in this room are 
preserved a number of autograph letters written by 
General and Mrs. Washington, Lawrence Lewis, Nel- 
lie Custis, and others. 



31 

WEST PAELOR. 

{Illinois.) 

The work of restoriog this room, assumed by the 
State of Illinois, has been handsomely achieved. When 
in 1878 it was discovered that the ceiling, so badly 
cracked, was in danger of falling, competent artists 
were employed, and the removal of the stucco orna- 
mentation successfully accomplished. The 2,800 small 
stucco leaves, radiating from the centre of the ceiling, 
with every available fragment of the old material, were 
replaced after the removal of the plaster with the most 
satisfactory result. 

The mantel is surmounted by the family coat-of-arms. 
The description is as follows; Crest — "A raven, with 
wings issuing out of a ducal coronet ; shield with her- 
aldic colors, two red bars across it, and above three 
spur-rowels ; the three stars indicate the filial distinc- 
tion of the third son." Some writers conclude that the 
origin of the flag of the United States of America may 
be traced to this coat-of-arms, but evidence is wanting to 
support their pleasing theories. The quaint dark paint- 
ing over the mantel, "Admiral Vernon before Cartha- 
gena," is the only picture which was left in the Mansion 
by the Washington family. It was presented to Law- 
rence Washington by Admiral Vernon^ in recognition 
of his services to the Admiral in 1741. The cornices 
and brass supports for the curtains are as old as the 
Mansion, and a curious old mirror bears a memorial 
device, with the initials " G. W." 

In response to an appeal from Mrs. Elizabeth Wil- 
lard Barry, late Vice-Kegent of Illinois, made in 1880, 
Senator Edmond de La Fayette, grandson of General 
Lafayette, sent tc Mount Vernon a chair. It is of the 
XVIth century ; it was from the Castle Chavagnac, 
Auvergne, France, where General Lafayette was born 
September 6th, 1757. Other chairs in this room were 



32 

used by the Washington family, and were originally 
covered with leather, a piece of which, deposited in a 
frame, presents the style. A few gold threads from 
General Washington's epaulettes are in like manner pre- 
served. Among the well-chosen engravings on the walls 
is a beautiful full-length portrait of Louis XVI in 
robes of state. This is from the same plate as the one 
sent to General Washington by his most Christian 
Majesty, with many expressions of regard, through 
Colonel David Humphreys in 1786. It is in a taste- 
fully designed frame, on which in bold relief are the 
arms and initials of Louis XVI and of Washington. 

Through the present Vice-Regent of Illinois, Dr. 
Thomas Addis Emmet, of New York, the eminent and 
enthusiastic collector of Americana, contributed, in 
1890, a valuable set of sixty engraved portraits of the 
Continental generals of the Revolution. For the ac- 
commodation of visitors they have been arranged in 
a handsome standard with swinging frames, and placed 
in the Banquet Hall. 

FAMILY DINING-ROOM. 

{South Carolina.') 

This room, on the south side of the main hall, has 
been assigned to the Vice-Regent of South Carolina, 
who has restored it to the condition left by General 
Washington, and furnished it handsomely and appro- 
priately, the funds having been subscribed by that 
State. The walls are very delicately colored, and the 
ceiling is in arabesque pattern, low bas-relief neutral 
tints and gilding. The floor is waxed and polished, and 
upon it is a heavy Persian rug. The large antique brass 
fire-irons are from the old Rutledge home ; also the 
brass fender, which was given by Mrs. Ann B. Reese, of 
Tennessee, a member of that family. An old-fashioned 
corner cupboard is filled with china, a reproduction of 



33 

the set presented to Mrs. Washiogton by officers of the 
French fleet in 1792. This china is decorated with the 
Washington coat-of-arms and a chain wreath enclosing 
the names of the fifteen States then forming the Union, 
Kentucky and New Hampshire having been added to 
the old thirteen. A life-size bust of Washington, wear- 
ing the emblematic jewel of a Grand Master, presented 
by the Masons of South Carolina, is placed on a polished 
column of palmetto wood. The city of Charleston 
gave a bust portrait, in oil, of General. Pickens ; 
one of General Francis Marion was presented by the 
ladies of Charleston ; one of General Moultrie was 
given by the Society of the Cincinnati of South Caro- 
lina ; one of Baron de Kalb was a gift from the Ger- 
man Friendly Society, and one of General Sumter, pre- 
sented by the city of Columbia. These portraits form 
a brilliant group of heroes of the war of American In- 
dependence. A portrait, by J. R. Lambdin, of Miss 
Cunningham, first Regent, is also in this room. 

The sideboard in this room belonged to General 
Washington, and was in use during his life at Mount 
Vernon. This interesting relic was presented by Mrs. 
Robert E. Lee, for Mount Vernon, to Mrs. Mary T. 
Barnes, Vice-Regent for the District of Columbia, who 
considerately placed it in the family dining-room. 

MRS. WASHINGTON'S SITTING ROOM. 

{^Georgia.) 

To the State of Georgia was assigned the room east 
of this, which before the building of the extension was 
Washington's library. It is probable the account he 
gave his brother of the battle of Monongahela was 
penned in this little room. It is a spirited description 
of a battle, and remarkable as written by one of the 
chief actors in it without mentioning his own name. 
It is accepted as the only authentic account of that 



34 

sanguinary engagement written in America. Here was 
also written the Farewell Address, delivered at An- 
napolis Dec. 23, 1783. 

It was generously furnished by Mrs. Margaret 
Gardner Gould, of Augusta, Georgia. "The Washington 
Family," painted and engraved by E. Savage, was pre- 
sented by the Vice-Kegent. On the walls is an approved 
photograph of Miss Pamela Cunningham. She was 
deeply impressed with the idea that the care of the house 
and tomb of Washington should be confided to the 
women of this country. Under the nom deplume of " The 
Southern Matron," her appeals aroused a widespread 
interest, calling forth immediate practical enthusiasm 
throughout the Union, and notably the assistance of 
Edward Everett. Miss Cunningham was refined and 
cultivated — endowed with untiring energy and remark- 
able executive ability — though an invalid, accomplished 
a great national work. She devoted many years of her 
life to the organization and establishment of " The 
Ladies' Mount Vernon Association of the Union," dis 
playing fine discrimination in calling to her aid, as Vice- 
Regents, women of dignity, ability, and patriotism. 



35 




THE LIBRARY. 

{Massachusetts. ) 

Through a small hall, the Library, or south exten- 
sion, is reached. This room was designed by Washing- 
ton, and is so plain as to seem to have no design at all. 
It is square, and has two large windows opening to 
the floor, which lead to the south portico. This portico 
in 1875 was restored, and so very exactly does it re- 
semble the old structure that it is thought by many to 
be the original one. From it a fine view is had of the 
river, the lawn, and of both tombs. 

The Library is in the charge of the Yice-Eegent for 
the " Old Bay State," who appropriately furnished it. 
Upon the high carved mantel is an old-style clock of 



36 

black and white marble, flanked by glass candelabra. 
The cabinet miniatures of General and Mrs. Wash- 
ington, which hang on either side, were presented by 
Nathan Appleton, of Boston. Beneath that of Wash- 
ington hangs an admirable eulogy, which was pre- 
sented to the Association by the late General R. C. 
Schenck. 

" This tribute to the memory of George Washington 
was written at his grave in 1833, by Dr. Andrew Reed, 
an English philanthropist, and left by him with the 
ladies of the General's family. Dr. Reed asks : ' How 
could the people suffer Mount Vernon to pass into 
ruin ? Surely it is a thing impossible ! ' " 

Washington, 

The Brave, The Wise, The Good ; 

Washington, 

Supreme in War, in Council, and in Peace. 

Washington, 

Valiant Discreet Confident 

without without without 

Ambition ; Fear ; Presumption ; 

Washington, 

In Disaster, Calm ; In Success, Moderate ; In All, 

Himself. 

Washington, 

The Hero, The Patriot, the Christian ; 

The Father of Nations, The Friend of Mankind ; 

who, 

When he had won all, renounced all, 

and sought, 

In the Bosom of his Family and of Nature, 

Retirement, 

And, in the Hope of Religion, 

Immortality. 

Of the articles originally here there remains a fine 
plaster head of Lafayette, a reproduction by Houdon 
of the cast used for the bust ordered from him by 
Virginia for the Capitol at Richmond. An interesting 
painting which hangs on the west wall was also formerly 
at Mount Vernon, and has been presented to the Massa- 
chusetts room by Hon. Theodore Lyman, of Boston. 
It is "The Great Falls of the Potomac," painted by 



37 

the English artist, Beck, from a point selected by Gen- 
eral Washington, and was purchased for Mr. Isaac P. 
Davis, Boston, at the sale of furniture, Mount Vernon, 
1800. 

There are five chairs, two of which belonged to Mount 
Yernon, an old table, a handsome secretary, a Wash- 
ington autograph letter, and in the ample book-cases 
many volumes of Washingtoniana. 

In 1890, Prof. G. Brown Goode, of the Smithsonian 
Institution, made a valuable donation to the Library 
which has excited much curiosity and comment. It is 
a set of twenty volumes of Prevost's ' Histoire Gen- 
erale du Voyage,' elegantly bound in leather with the 
initials G. TF., surmounted by a crown, stamped in 
gilt on the cover. In the first volume is the only clue 
to what must have been an adventurous history — a 
written inscription without date : 

** Waf intended for Gen'l Wafhington by Marquifs Rochambeau, but 
a Britifh cruifer saved it for me. London, A. D." 

The books for many years were in the collection of 
J. Goldsborough Bruff, of Washington, at the sale of 
whose effects they were purchased by Prof. Goode. 

The library is deceptive ; it is not so meaningless, 
with its simple wainscoting, as it seems. It is a room 
within rooms — in a word, three sides of it are closets; 
seventeen are known — panel closets for silver, little 
closets in corners near the floor and near the ceiling — 
closets within closets. 

In the days of Washington this room was by far the 
most attractive in the Mansion. Aside from the inter- 
est connected with such a man's study, here were be- 
stowed some of the rarest relics of the Revolutionary 
struggle — swords, pistols, guns, the compass made by 
David Rittenhouse, spy-glasses, sashes, velvet saddle- 
housings, and numerous other articles of personal prop- 
erty associated with different campaigns. Here stood 



38 

the " tambour secretary aod circular chair," by will 
devised "to my companion-in-arms and intimate friend. 
Dr. Craik." The "iron chest" stood in one corner — a 
repository of valuables ; among them were the silver 
badge of the Order of Cincinnati, and the gold badge of 
the same Order, presented by the French officers. 
The most important and interesting of its contents 
was the gold medal ordered by the Continental Con- 
gress for Washington in 1776, upon the evacuation of 
the city of Boston by the British army. This was the 
first medallic memorial of this country, and can have 
no rival in historic value. It was purchased from a 
member of the Washington family by fifty citizens of 
Boston and presented to that city on the centenary 
of the event it commemorates, March 17, 1876. 

It was doubtless in the library, in the presence of 
his family, and surrounded by so many silent witnesses 
of his former services, that on the 14th of April, 1789. 
Washington received from Charles Thomson, Secre- 
tary of the Continental Congress, the official announce- 
ment of his election as President of the United States. 

LAFA YETTE'S ROOM. 
{New Jersey.') 
The first room on the left, opening into the upper 
hall, is known as the " Lafayette Room," in honor of 
the Marquis, who occupied it on each of his visits ta 
Mount Vernon. It was allotted to and furnished by the 
Vice-Regent of New Jersey. The bureau was placed 
there when the room was fitted up for its distinguished 
occupant ; and the small dressing-case was in the room 
which Lafayette occupied at the residence of General 
Elias Dayton, whom he visited at Elizabethtown, New 
Jersey. Upon the wall is a small fruit-piece embroid- 
ered in silk, a contribution by a descendant of the fair 
dame who so deftly wrought it during the Revolution. 
There is an engraving, by Ormsby, of Stuart's full 



39 

length portrait of WashiDgton, from the picture which 
was painted for the Marquis of Lansdowne ; also an en- 
graving by Buttre, after Wollaston, from the portrait 
of Martha Washington, known as the " Bride of Mount 
Vernon." The latter is a wonderfully beautiful face, 
with the well-drawn eyes for which this artist was dis- 
tinguished in his pictures of women ; but it is often 
criticised, because it gives the effect of her being a tall 
woman. She is represented as having just stepped 
from the piazza at Mount Vernon. A very fine engrav- 
ing, by Leroux, of Ary Scheffer's portrait of Lafayette 
is in this room. The original, presented to the United 
States in 1822, is in the Hall of Kepresentatives. It 
was painted at Chateau La Grange during a visit of 
the artist to his friend. There is also a handsome 
portrait, in India ink, of Lord Chatham, and an en- 
graved head of Baron Steuben. 

RIVER ROOM. 
(Pennsylvania . ) 
The second room was a guest-chamber in the time 
of Washington. It has been refitted by the Kegent, 
Mrs. Lily L. Macalester Laughton, with antique fur- 
niture, part of which was used bj' Washington in 
Pennsylvania. The bedstead is the one he slept upon 
on his march to Valley Forge, to take possession of 
his headquarters for the miserable winter of 1777-8. 
The chair immediately opposite the door was used by 
Washington in the Executive Mansion at Philadelphia, 
and presented by Col. Frank M. Etting of that city. 
Two of the chairs were the property of Elias Boudi- 
not, President of Congress in 1782, appointed by 
Washington third Director of the United States Mint. 
The corner chair belonged to one of the earliest Puri- 
tan settlers ; and the handsome old mahogany chair 
was owned by Benjamin Franklin, and deposited by 
the Regent, in whose family it was long an heirloom. 



40 

There are several valuable engravings, a full-length 
Washington, also a Jefferson, and a rare engraving of 
Canova's statue of Washington, ordered by the State 
of North Carolina in 1814, and destroyed at the burn- 
ing of the Court-House of Raleigh in 1830. Washing- 
ton is seated, and presented in the costume of an old 
Roman, holding in his hand a stone tablet, upon which 
he has begun to inscribe laws, and, with his sword 
tinder his feet, he is leaving in the past the chieftain 
and becoming the statesman. The inscription is — 

" Giorgio Washington. 

" Alia Grande Nazione degli Stati Uniti di America. 

"Antonio Canova." 

OUEST-CHAMBEB. 

{Delaware. ) 

The small room on the east front of the hall was 
allotted to the Vice-Regent of Delaware, and it is fur- 
nished with revolutionary relics. On the south side of 
the hall is 

MISS CUSTIS' ROOM. 

{Maryland.) 

This room has been given to Maryland, and fur- 
nished by the Vice-Regent, assisted by other ladies, 
of that State. It was formerly occupied by Eleanor 
Custis. The wash-stand and one of the chairs were 
sent from the old Carroll seat, Doughragen Manor- 
house, by the grandsons of that dauntless signer of the 
Declaration of Independence, Charles Carroll of Car- 
rollton. 

GREEN ROOM. 

{West Virginia.) 

To West Virginia has been given the adjoining room, 
the windows of which command the river and the 



41 

Maryland shore. The Vice-Kegent, Mrs. Ella Bassett 
Washington, is a descendant of the Washington and 
Dandridge families, and the articles she has placed 
here are relics of the Revolution. The handsomely- 
carved bedstead came from Eltham, on the York river, 
the residence of Colonel Bassett, brother-in-law of 
Martha Washington. It stood in the room always oc- 
cupied by Washington, and upon it John Custis, the 
only son of Mrs. Washington, died. 

Young Custis was aide-de-camp to Washington, who, 
at the time of his fatal illness, was at Yorktown. He 
arrived at Eltham *'time enough," he wrote to Lafay- 
ette, "to see poor Mr. Custis breathe his last.'' He 
was very devoted to his stepson, and, turning to his 
young widow, he said : "From this hour I adopt your 
two younger children as my own." These were Eleanor 
Parke Custis, two years and a half old, and George 
Washington Parke Custis, about six months old; and, 
through the fathej-ly care of the great chief, they never 
had occasion to realize that they had been so early left 
orphans. 

The two elegant mahogany chairs were once the 
property of Benjamin Harrison, a signer of the Decla- 
ration of Independence, and were afterwards owned by 
his son, President W. H. Harrison. An old arm-chair 
and the mirror over the mantel were the property of 
William Augustine Washington, oldest nephew, and 
one of the executors of Washington's will. Upon the 
walls are three small pictures, colored crayons : one is 
a view of " Wakefield," the birthplace of Washington in 
Westmoreland Co., Va.; also Durand's engraving of 
Stuart's Washington. 

Copies in oil of fine old portraits of Mrs. Betty 
Lewis and of Lawrence Washington were added in 
1888. 



42 



THE ROOM TN WHICH WASHINGTON DIED. 
{Vh'ginia.) 

The apartment in which "Washington died is assigned 
to Virginia. It is a bed-room of medium size. On the 
right is a large fire-place, in which is observed the Wash- 
ington coat-of-arms. On the left is a dressing-room and 
an ample linen closet ; on the south are two large win- 
dows which may be slid back into the wall, and reach 
to the floor. They open upon the roof of the portico, 
and command a beautiful view. Every article of furni- 
ture in this room was used by General Washington. 
The bedstead is the one upon which he died. The 
two gilt brackets and a gilt- framed mirror were origi- 
nally at Mount Vernon. These are intrusted, through 
the Vice-Regent for Virginia, to the care of the Ladies' 
Association by General G. W. P. Custis Lee. The old 
arm-chair was the favorite seat of Mrs. Washington. 
The hair trunk, studded with brass nails and marked 
" 1775," with brass plate engraved " G. W.," was 
General Washington's coach trunk. 

The small dressing-stand, with mirror and toilet 
boxes, was used by Mrs. Washington upon her 
toilet-table. These extremely interesting relics were 
presented to the Association by Mrs. G. R. Golds- 
borough. 

The same lady has also presented to the Virginia 
room the two worsted cushions worked by Mrs. Wash- 
ington for her granddaughter, Eliza P. Custis. 

The portrait of Washington was copied by Mr. Elder 
from an original miniature, which belonged to his 
brother, Charles Washington. The embroidered dimity 
chair-cover is the work of Frances Washington Ball, 
niece of the General ; and was presented by her 
grandson's wife, the Vice-Regent for Virginia. 

The linen counterpane on the bed was made of flax 
grown in Kentucky while that State was yet a part of 



44 

Virginia. It was spun, woven, and embroidered by 
Miss Ann Barnes Harrison, afterwards Mrs. Nathaniel 
Cox, and grandmother of the Vice-Regent for Louis- 
iana. 

The compass was the gift of Judge Ball, and was 
long used by Washington. The candle-stand was pre- 
sented by Major B. P. Noland. The liquor-case was 
presented to Washington by Lord Fairfax. A peculiar 
friendship existed between the old nobleman and the 
young surveyor, who was commissioned by Lord 
Fairfax to make surveys of his property beyond the 
Blue Ridge. On the wall in the hall is an interesting 
relic — a newspaper published in New Tork, in which 
was the first announcement in that State of the death 
of Washington. The following extract may be of inter- 
est. Its decorous utterances of profound grief are 
quite Addisonian, and illustrate the stilted style and 
ceremonial of the times : 

Mercantile Advertiser, N. Y., 

Saturday, Die. -zist^ 1799- 
We feel a fenfation of forrow which no language of ours can fufficiently 
defcribe when we record the diftrelTing intelligence that 
On Saturday, the 14th inftant, 
Died suddenly 
At his feat, Mount Vernon, in the State of Virginia, 
GEORGE WASHINGTON, 
Lieutenant-General and Commander-in-Chief of the Armies of the 
United States of America. 
" A Corinthian pillar in the Temple of Immortality ! " 
Mature in Years, 
Covered with Glory, 
and rich in the affections of the American people. 

(Reader, whoever thou art, in whatever part of the world refident, 
mourn with us the death of the friend of liberty and man j the faviour of 
his country, the defender of her rights — the warrior, the ftatefman, and 
the private citizen j who never fwerved from the paths of rectitude in 
the tour of duty, never arrogated to himself unwarrantable power, though 
placed in fituations to command it, and whole every action tended to the 
public good, from his early days to the end of his existence. It were in 
vain for us to attempt to delineate all the virtues of this great man in a 
newspaper paragraph ; to thofe more acquainted with the particulars of 
his life we refign the talk of enumerating each particular excellence, but 
to us it belongs to record in general terms the good qualities fo univer- 



45 

fally refpected, whether in public or retired life. In the field, in the 
cabinet, or af a private individual of the community, he commanded uni- 
verfal admiration and efteem. In every fenfe of the word, he was a man 
whofe like we fhall probably never again be permitted to fee, and whofe 
virtues will be held in everlafting remembrance.) 

The following is the most particular account of this mournful event 
we have yet seen : 

Extract of a letter from Alexandria^ dated December 15M. 

" I mention to you the truly melancholy event of the death of our 
much beloved General George Washington. He made his exit last 
night between the hours of 11 and 12, after a (hort but painful illnefs of 
23 hours. The diforder of which he died is by fome called Crupe, by 
others an Inflammatory Quinfey, a diforder lately fo mortal among chil- 
dren in this place, and I believe not until this year known to attack per- 
fons at the age of maturity. 

" My information I have from Dr. Dick^ who was called in at a late 
hour. Alexandria is making arrangements to fhow its high efteem for 
him. We are all clofe to our houfes, and act as we fhould do if one of 
our family had departed. The bells are to toll daily until he is buried, 
which will not be until Wednefday or Thurfday. He died perfectly in 
his fenfes, and from Dr. Dick's account perfectly resigned. He informed 
them he had no fear of death, that his affairs were in good order, that be 
had made his will, and that his public bufiness was but two days behind- 
hand." 

THE ROOM IN WHICH MRS. WASHINGTON DIED. 
( Wisconsin. ) 

A small stairway leads to the room above, used by 
the widow of Washington from the day of his death 
until May, 1801, a year and a half afterwards, when 
she, too, died. 

This room has one piece of the original furniture, 
the small plain mahogany corner toilet-stand ; but it 
has been very elegantly refitted by Mrs. Mitchell, 
Vice-Regent from Wisconsin. Every piece of furniture 
has been reproduced in mahogany. The carpet, of home 
manufacture, has been replaced by rugs made in this 
country in the style of those days. The old gay calico 
bed-hangings are copied in softest woolen cretonne, 
and lined with rose-colored rep-silk. These hangings 
are finished with fringe and caught with heavy cord and 
tassels ; the elegant chairs are upholstered with the 
same material ; the pillow-cases are reproduced with 
an embroidered crest and the initials, M. W. Upon a 



46 

Bible-stand in the room is the coat-of-arms, with motto, 
" JExitus acta probat^' and on one of the bureaux is a 
work-box and a pair of small white vases, decorated 
with a simple spray of rose-colored hyacinths. 

Martha Washington was a woman distinguished even 
among those dames of strong character whom the trials 
of the Revolution developed. She was beautiful, in- 
telligent, dignified, and practical. She was often with 
her husband at headquarters, and in after time said she 
had heard the first and the last gun of every campaign 
during the seven years' struggle. The soldiers were 
devoted to her, never forgetting how she cheered and 
encouraged them at Valley Forge, at Morristown, and 
at Newburgh. A model Virginia housewife, presiding 
over her generous board with a gracious charm peculiar 
to her, and through which she v/on the admiration of 
all who knew her as wife of the Chief Magistrate. Dur- 
ing the eighteen months that she survived her beloved 
husband the lonely mourner passed much of her time 
by the window of her room. There, tenderlj^ cared for 
by her affectionate family and devoted servants, she 
sat by the window, because from it alone could she 
command a view of her husband's resting-place : 

" Gazing through the morning's light, 
At noon-tide, looking fondly down — 
Peering forth in sombre night — 

Or when the leaves are green or brown ; 
Or when the snow soft shrouds the mound, 
"Where lies the sleeper under ground." 

" Looking and longing over there, with faith 
That in some golden hour, his spirit, robed 
In drapery of light, and winged with love, 
Should come to her with blessings in his eyes, 
And sweetly feed, with old-time rapturous smiles, 
Her famished soul. O, wondrous, wondrous Love ! 
Which dieth not with death, nor yet hath life 
Save with the living. Thou Mystery of Universe I " 

There are five other small rooms on the third floor. 
They are half-stories and lighted by dormer windows. 



47 

The northeast room has been fitted up with handsome 
furniture of the period of the Revolution. It contains 
a beautifully carved bedstead, two elegant chairs, a 
bureau, a quaint shaving mirror — all of solid mahog- 
any. The linen used in this chamber was spun and 
woven by a lady of the patriotic old State of Connecti- 
cut in the seventieth year of her life. 

NORTH CAROLINA ROOM. 

The northwest room has been furnished by the Vice- 
Regent for North Carolina with old mahogany furni- 
ture, most of it nearly one hundred years old. In it 
are two chairs which were used when the Legislature 
of North Carolina, with Governor Martin, met with 
the administrative board of the Moravian Church at 
Salem, North Carolina, in 1781. These chairs were 
donated by the Board to the North Carolina Room. 

It contains also a beautiful dressing-tiable and toilet- 
stand of dark mahogany — reproductions of that time. 

MAINE ROOM. 
At the Council of 1885 the Upper North Chamber, 
above the Banquet Hall, was assigned to Maine. The 
Vice- Regent for that State, Mrs. Margaret J. M. Sweat, 
met with such prompt and generous response from 
the citizens of that State that she was, within the year, 
enabled to furnish it in harmonious style. The furni- 
ture, all of the date of the Revolution, was chiefly 
collected in Virginia. Upon the walls there is an old 
French engraved portrait of Washington, also a curi- 
ous old print called ''The Shade at the Tomb." The 
walls are painted colonial buff, and upon the floor is 
a Persian rug. 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ROOM. 
Of the five small guest-chambers in the old part of 
the Mansion, the Vice-Regent of the District of Colum- 



48 

bia has had charge of the one on the southwest, and 
has furnished it, through her efforts, with exceptionally 
interesting articles. Two mahogany chairs belonged 
to Mount Vernon. The bureau was owned by the 
Calvert family. The bedstead and little toilet-mirror 
are more than a century old, having been in use at 
" Mount Airy," the home of the Tayloes, in Virginia. 

CUPOLA. 

From the small square hall (third floor) is a winding 
stairway to the cupola, which is octagonal. 

The view from this elevation is sweeping and grand. 
The Potomac seems almost to surround the estate in 
its majestic bend. Fort Washington appears to have 
drawn nearer. Looking west, the Virginia hills are 
beautifully defined, and three-quarters of a mile away 
is seen the old porter's lodge, which marks the bound- 
ary of the present estate. Leading thither, from the 
lawn gate, is an avenue, a pleasant shaded drive in for- 
mer days. The undergrowth has been removed and 
the trees trimmed, so as to leave an unobstructed view 
of the lodge; and in 1887 the old drive was restored. 

WEST LAWN. 

Leaving the house from the west door, the interest 
that Washington personally bestowed upon domestic 
claims is fully realized. All that could contribute to 
the happiness of his dependents or the pleasure of his 
friends was a matter of conscience with him. Agricul- 
ture in its higher and lower branches was an endless 
source of delight to him. 

From either extension on the west side there is a 
curved colonnade ; on the right hand is the " Office," a 
house a story and a half high, a room of which was also 
used to cook the great dinners in, as the appliances of a 
large fire-place indicate. Opposite is the family kitchen, 
where the daily meals of the family were prepared. 







Mount Vernon Mansion, 
H^esi Front. 



50 

The immense fire-place, the crane, the low dutch 
range, the large hominy mortar, show that the require- 
ments of the cook were neither small nor unheeded. 
But a step outside the kitchen is the well from which 
it was the pride of ''West Ford," an old servant of the 
estate, to hand to visitors a cup of cold water. Near 
this side of the kitchen-door are the " milk-house," 
'' meat-house," and " wash-house," while on the east 
slope stood the "summer-house," and the "ice-house," 
built Avith its " spring-house " beneath. At the north 
gate stood the " spinning and weaving-houses." There 
were houses for itinerant tailors and shoemakers, who 
made semi-annual sojourns at the large plantations. 
Mrs. Ida Slocomb Richardson, Vice-Regent for Loui- 
siana, on behalf of her State, has restored the " sum- 
mer-house," which is now as it was in Washington's 
time. 

On the west, close to the kitchen, is the "butler's 
house," at the corner of which is the famous magnolia 
grandiflora, brought by Washington from the banks 
of the James, and planted by him in the year of his 
•death, 1799. It has attained unusual proportions for 
the climate. The leaves of this tree have been taken 
as mementos to every part of the civilized globe. The 
west lawn, called by General Washington his " Bowling- 
Green," is entered through the arched gateway at the 
«nd of the avenue from the porter's lodge. The curved 
■course serves not only for a general approach to the 
house, but in former times, being more than half a 
mile in circumference, it afforded distance for a pleas- 
ant ride. The thicket of trees on either side gave 
grateful shade, so that it was frequently used for the 
children or invalids of the household. The trees of the 
thicket were all selected by Washington, many of them 
having been planted by him when he was a young man. 
His interest in them was unceasing. They are hem- 



51 

lock, Spanish chestnut, poplar, gum, mulberry, aspen, 
pine, beech, linden, mimosa, wild cherry, and Kentucky 
coffee tree, brought from that State by Thomas Jeffer- 
son, all now in a flourishing condition. 

On each side of the entrance is a large mound, a fa- 
vorite lawn ornament of that day ; on one of which has 
recently been planted a slip from the Washington Elm 
at Cambridge, presented by Miss Longfellow. 

Through the gateway, Washington brought his fair 
bride to Mount Vernon ; and beneath the same arch, 
forty years afterwards, slowly filed the long train of 
mourners who attended his funeral. 



52 

THE SUN-DIAL. 

In 1888 a sun-dial was placed in the centre of the 
west lawn, marking the site of the dial which was in- 
cluded in the plan, drawn by Washington's own hand, 
of the garden and grounds. The dial is the gift of 
citizens of Khode Island, and is of red Westerly gran- 
ite, the plate being of bronze, bearing the motto. 



and this inscription : 

Ekected a. D. 1888, 

BY CITIZENS OF RhODE IsLAND, 

IN PLACE OF 

THE DIAL WHICH STOOD HEKE 

IN THE TIME OF WASHINGTON. 

While digging for a foundation, according to the 
record of the probable location of the Washington 
dial, there was found about a foot from the spot se- 
lected, and just below the surface, the decayed stump 
of a wooden post, a foot and a half long — doubtless a 
fragment of that which supported the original dial. 

Following are the names of the subscribers : 

Prof. William Gammell, Mrs. William Gammell. 

Mr. Thomas P. I. Goddaed, Mrs. T. P. Shepakd, 

Mr. Henry J. Steere, Mr. Henry T. Beckwith, 

Miss Julia Bullock, Mrs. John Carter Brown,. 

Mr. John Nicholas Brown, Mr. James Coats, 

Mrs. Henry G. Russell. 



53 

FLOWER GARDEN. 

On the right of the lawn is the flower garden ; on the 
left the vegetable garden. Four magnificent trees, 
each of its kind perfect, guard the entrance to the 
flower garden. Two are ash and two are poplar, or 
the American tulip tree. They were planted by Wash- 
ington with exact measurement, and have done won- 
derful credit to the early care he gave them. Imme- 
diately within the garden are four very large calycan- 
thus, or sweet shrub bushes. . These were sent to Wash- 
ington by Thomas Jefferson as a great novelty of that 
day. When they were a generation old, John Augus- 
tine Washington named them after the four Presidents 
who, in rotation, succeeded his illustrious uncle — 
Adams, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe. The flower 
garden is bordered and divided by hedges of hox^ 
preserved in the exact designs in which they were 
planted by Washington. Some of them seem to have 
been intended for initials, and others for Masonic 
emblems. Bordering the main walk is a species of 
hydrangea, brought over by Lafayette in his visit in 
1824, and by him planted in his friend's garden. 
This came originally from the grave of Napoleon, 
and is a hardy, beautiful flowering shrub. Large 
numbers of the rose called "Mary Washington" are 
yearly raised and sold. This rose, said to have been 
raised by General Washington and named for his 
mother, is a delicate tea-rose, and an acceptable souvenir 
for the visitor. At the end of the central walk is the 
greenhouse, which stands on the site of the original 
conservatory, destroyed by fire in December, 1835. On 
that disastrous night a few of the rare plants were 
saved, among them a large bearing lemon tree, a cen- 
tury plant, and a Sago palm. Of these now there only 
-can be seen part of the body of the cherished old palm, 
though there is a hardy young growth from it. In the 



55 

greenhouse the visitor has opportunity to select a re- 
membrance of Mount Vernon, and will have the satis- 
faction of knowing that the small sum expended for a 
bouquet or plant increases the income of the Associa- 
tion. The florist, Franklin A. Whelan, will promptly 
fill, by mail or express, all orders for flowers or plants 
from Mount Vernon. 

The Council of 1888 accepted the offer of the Vice- 
Regent for Kansas to restore the old " servants' 
quarters" beyond the greenhouse, which was done by 
the schools of Kansas. 

SOURCES OF REVENUE. 

The entrance fee is the chief source of revenue to the 
Association, and is embraced in the fare paid for the trip 
to and from Mount Vernon. A like small amount is re- 
quired from those who enter the west lawn, or either side, 
by land. The sale of photographic views, of the " Vis- 
itor's Guide," of plants, flowers, and canes, and of copies 
of the "Will of Washington" — all add something to 
the annual income. The original will, which was writ- 
ten entirely by himself, and bears his autograph at the 
bottom of each page, can now be seen among the 
records of the County Court of Fairfax. 

This will is dated July 9, 1799, and was doubtless 
written in the summer of that year. It was drawn 
without the aid of a lawyer, and is one of the most re- 
markable papers of its kind on record. It was admitted 
to probate in the county of Fairfax, January 20, 1800, 
being presented in open court by three of the executors. 
On March 22, 1853, the Virginia legislature granted to 
Alfred Moss, county clerk, the privilege of lithograph- 
ing the will, but for some reason he never carried out 
his design. In July, 1861, when the Confederate army 
retreated from Fairfax Court-house, Mr. Moss carefully 
enveloped the will, with this indorsement : 



56 

" The original will of General George Washington. 
" Belongs to the records of Fairfax County Court. To be re- 
turned to me, or any one legally authorized to receive it. 

"ALFKED MOSS, 
" Clerk Fairfax County CourV 

With other county records it was then sent to Rich- 
mond and committed to the secretary of the Common- 
wealth, in whose care it remained until 1865, when it 
was returned to Fairfax county. From age and fre- 
quent handling it has become indistinct and mutilated, 
and on account of its condition the court at its Novem- 
ber term, 1865, passed the following order : " It ap- 
pearing to the court that the original will of General 
George Washington, of Mount Vernon, has been much 
worn and mutilated from frequent handling, and that 
it is liable to further injury from the same cause, it is 
ordered that the clerk of this court purchase, at the 
expense of the county, a suitable case, in which he is 
directed to deposit the said will." This arrangement 
gives the curious the opportunity— which is often im- 
proved — of seeing the last will and testament of 
Washington. 

In 1868 the will was copied and published, as it was 
too much worn to admit of its being lithographed, and 
thousands of «these authenticated copies were given to 
the Association by the late W. W. Corcoran. To this 
pamphlet, which contains many interesting historical 
facts, I am indebted for the above data. 

Lossing's handsome volume, " The Home of Wash- 
ington," can be bought here. This work is gracefully 
dedicated by the author : 

"To HIS 

Patriotic Countrywomen, 

BY whose efforts 

The Home and Tomb of Washington 

HAVE been rescued FROM 

Decay." 



57 

Many little incidents detailed in its pages give the 
domestic character of Washington, and its concise 
descriptions of the manners and customs of a century 
ago are clear and life-like. 

The original " Act to authorize the purchase of 
Mount Vernon " passed the Virginia legislature unan- 
imously March 17th, 1856, and the amount paid for the 
estate of two hundred acres was two hundred thousand 
dollars, with six per cent, interest from the time of the 
first payment. 

Of this sum $68,494.59 were a contribution from 
Edward Everett, the proceeds of his great lecture upon 
the " Life and Character of Washington," and his writ- 
ings for the New York Ledger. 

Many interesting papers, letters, and documents are 
accumulating at Mount Vernon, and afford glimpses of 
the domestic life, as well as of the historical events, of 
Washington's time. 

Mrs. Mary Starling Payne, of Hopkinsville, Ken- 
tucky, has presented letters from Nellie Custis and her 
husband, Lawrence Lewis ; from Major George W. 
Lewis, and from Bushrod Washington, together with 
a very interesting receipt for horses impressed into ser- 
vice for the transportation of the baggage and artillery 
of the Marquis de Lafayette. The horses were im- 
pressed from Fielding Lewis, and the receipt is signed 
by James Monroe, as quartermaster. 

In 1888, Messrs. L. and D. Ruben, of Alexandria, 
Virginia, presented a large collection of letters and 
miscellaneous papers. 

In 1887, Mr. Jay Gould, of New York, made a very 
generous gift to the Association of thirty-three and 
one-half acres of land adjoining the northeastern line 
of the original purchase. This land, partially wooded, 
and with a half mile of river front, has long been re- 
garded as valuable to the estate, as its acquisition 



58 

would permit the removal of the boundary on that side 
to a greater distance from the Mansion. When Mr. 
Gould visited Mount Vernon in June, 1887, he was 
much impressed by the account given of this matter by 
the Superintendent, and instructed him to take all the 
steps necessary for the purchase of the lot, and its 
presentation to the Association in his name. For this 
welcome addition to the Mount Vernon domain, Mr. 
Gould paid the handsome sum of S2,500. 

Among the restorations are the repairing of the 
wharf, in 1886, at a cost of about $1,600 ; the re-roof- 
ing of the old barn, which had been last repaired under 
the direction of Washington, in 1799 ; the restoration 
of the mason- work at the east and west entrances ; the 
porters' lodges, the gates, and the servants' quarters. 

THE COUNCIL, 

consisting of the Regent and Vice -Regents, meets 
yearly in May or June at Mount Vernon, to transact all 
business connected with the estate, such as auditing 
accounts, making contracts, ordering repairs, receiving 
the reports of the Superintendent and Treasurer. 

MOUNT VEBNONS FUTURE. 

Doubtless the pilgrimage to Mount Vernon is yet 
in its incipient state. As the old homestead recovers 
from its long neglect ; as intended restorations and 
suggested repairs are yearly made ; as the contribu- 
tions of interesting relics increase — so will the spot» 
more than any other sacred with the memories of 
W^ashington, become dearer to the people of this country. 

" There dwelt the man, the flower of human kind, 
Whose visage mild bespeaks his nobler mind ; 
There dwelt the soldier, who his sword ne'er drew 
But in a righteous cause — to freedom true. 



59 

There dwelt the hero, who, devoid of art, 
Gave sagest counsels from an upright heart. 
And 0, Columbia ! by thy sons caressed, 
There dwells the Father of the realm he bless'd, 
Who no msh felt to make his mighty praise, 
Like other chiefs, the means himself to raise ; 
But there retiring, breathed the pure renown, 
And felt a grandeur that disdained a crownP 

During the Centennial year, 1876, the number of 
visitors was forty-five thousand — from two hundred 
to nine hundred per diem. 

Although the sentiment prompting by far the larger 
number to visit the home and tomb of Washington is 
that of reverential admiration for the chieftain's life 
and character, yet visitors are occasionally shocked 
by the out-spoken, would-be witty utterances of the 
thoughtless and the coarse, even upon a spot that 
should, at least, command respectful observance. 

Some persons, in their eagerness for relics, have 
knocked off the stucco ornaments of the walls, broken 
the frames of the old mirrors, and injured rare shrub- 
bery which has been imported and presented to the 
Association at a large expense. A fine of five dollars 
is now rigidly enforced upon any person found defac- 
ing the building. 

A little reflection would induce visitors to be more 
considerate of those attached to the estate who, they 
may be assured, desire to be obliging and kind to all. 

Every American citizen should feel a personal care 
of what is a national heritage, and look upon whoever 
wears a Mount Vernon badge as commissioned to 
guard this possession. 

The Council, at their meeting in 1878, authorized 
the adoption of a uniform for the employes, con- 
sisting of a navy-blue blouse, with brass buttons, 
leather belt and buckle, and a black hat with the name 
Mount Vernon in gilt letters on a blue ribbon band. 



60 

THE TOLLING BELL 

of each passing steamer, as it reverberates from hill to 
hill, but re-echoes the voice of all ages and all people 
in doing honor to such greatness as is found in the life 
of George Washington. 

*' Slowly sailing, slowly sailing, hushed the music, mute the 
mirth. 
Men and maidens standing reverent as on some broad altar's 
hearth, 

« >|e le « * iK * 

** Silently before Mount Vernon, silently our boat glides on, 
Hushed its iron heart's deep panting past the Tomb of Wash- 
ington ; 
Truest, worthiest act of worship that degenerate earth now 

knows. 
Inmost soul here recognizing all the mighty debt she owes, 

*' Oh, my country, art thou paling — losing all thy young days 
glow? 

Can'st thou lose thy first love's glory, and thy hero's worth still 
know? 

Patriot hearts, do doubts still haunt you, threatening thoughts 
come crowding on ? 

Sail with me down broad Potomac, past the Tomb of Wash- 
ington ; 
■"Feel the impress of his greatness stamped upon the Nation's 
heart, 

"See each manly brow uncovered, lovely lips in awe apart ; 

Fear not while this reverence lingers with its clear, warm, 
hallowing light; 

This must fade from brow and bosom ere can come our coun- 
try's night," 

[Mrs. R. Cary Long, Literary World, Feb. 17, 1849. 

This expression of respect was first given by the com- 
mander of an English fleet — Commodore Gordon — who, 
when passing Mount Vernon on the 24th of August, 
1814, ordered that the bell of his flag-ship, Sea-Horse, 
should be tolled. Our own countrymen are less de- 



I 



61 

monstrative than foreigners, who are never seen with 
covered heads before the Tomb of Washington. 

To " The Southern Matron," Miss Ann Pamela Cun- 
ningham, and to " The Northern Orator," Hon. Edward 
Everett, first belong thanks for the purchase and care^ 
of the home and tomb of Washington. The idea of 
making Mount Vernon a national possession originated 
with Miss Cunningham, who, with the ladies appointed 
by her as Vice-Regents for the States, brought this 
great undertaking to a successful issue. The final 
payment for the property was made in 1860, in the 
name of the women of America, who have ever since 
been represented by the Regent and Vice-Regents of 
the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Under their 
supervision the place has been thoroughly restored, 
and maintained in a condition worthy of the highest 
praise. 

For the establishment of telephonic communication 
with Washington, the Association is indebted to Mrs- 
Hearst, Vice-Regent for California. 




View of Fort Washington from the Piazza- at Mount Vernon 



63 

RELICS. 

Banquet Hall, 
hi Sideboard. 

An Engraved Poetkait of Admiral Vernon, presented by the 
late Hon. Wm. Thomson, U. S. Consul at Southampton. 

The portrait is after a painting by T. Bardwell, and bears the 
following inscription : 

"The Honorable Edward Vernon, Esq., Vice-Admiral of the 
^' Blue. Commander-in-Chief of all his Majesty's ships in the 
'* West Indies." 

" To the Eight Honorable Lord Mayor, the Court of Aldermen, 
^* and ye Common Council cf ye City of London, this plate is 
" humbly dedicated by their most obedient servant, John Taber." 

Needle Book used by Washington at Valley Forge, Given 
by Mrs. Washington to Mrs. Commodore Barry, who gave it to 
Deborah Adams ; she presented it to Mrs. George Plitt, of Phila- 
delphia, who donated it to Mount Vernon through Mrs. Comegys, 
Vice-Regent of Delaware, 1877. 

Pendant from Chandelier under which the Declaration of 
Independence was signed. 

Small Japanese Boxes from Mrs. Washington's dressing-case. 

Brick from chimney of house where Washington was born. 

Cup that belonged to Col. John Washington. 

Newspaper describing Washington's funeral ceremonies. 

Chintz that belonged to the family. 

Mason's Hammer used in building the house in 1743, and 
found in the foundation in 1885. 

Plates that belonged to Washington and his brother Charles. 

Yellow Satin Belt worn by one of the Boston school chil- 
dren on the reception of Lafayette in 1824. 

Custard Cup used by Washington at a dinner given him at 
Philadelphia by General Morris. 

Embroidery, by Mrs. Lorenzo Lewis. 

Specimen of Washington memorial china. 

Camp Fork of Washington's. Purchased at Philadelphia sale, 
and presented by Mrs. W, H. Browne, Washington, D. C. 

A Memorial Pitcher, representing " Washington in glory." 

Jug, which belonged to Lafayette. 

Piece of Lace worn by Washington, with a descriptive letter. 

Fragments of wedding and court dresses belonging to Mrs. 
Washington. 

Music Room. 
In Cabinet. 

Lock OF Washington's Hair. 

Piece of Washington's Coffin 

Washington's Walking Cane, purchased by the Association 
at the Bushrod Washington sale, at Philadelphia, 1891. 



64 

Silver Slipper Heel. 

Two Pieces Washington's dessert set. 

Washington's Spectacles. 

Plan of East Piazza, drawn by Washington. 

Autograph Letter — Jefferson. 

Several pieces of china. 

Over Mantel. 
Mask from Houdon's cast. 

On Harpsichord. 
Panel of Washington's coach. 

In Fireplace. 
A French Engraving, inscribed " Le General Washington. 
Ne Quid Detremente Capitat Res publica. Grave' d'apres le 
Tableau Original apperteuant a Mr. Jacques de la Fayette." 

West Virginia Rooin. 
In Case. 

Box, containing one of the handles and a brass hinge with 
tacks, to which is attached a portion of the outer covering of the 
exterior cofi&n of Washington. Upon the removal of the re- 
mains to the new vault, by Colonel George C Washington and 
John A, Washington, Esq., these relics dropped, and were 
picked up by Colonel Washington and given to his son Lewis W. 
Washington, 1854. 

Bust of Washington, in plaster. 

Cabinet Plaster Medallion of Washington, presented by 
Mrs. Ella Bassett Washington. 

Stalk from original Sago Palm, Mount Vernon Green-house. 

One of the Vernon Medals, struck in commemoration of the 
capture of Porto Bello, which was found June 5th, 1876, in the 
garden of Elias S. Reed, of Dover, Delaware, and by him pre- 
sented to the Vice-Regent for Delaware for Mount Vernon. 

Masonic Apron worn by Lafayette, donated by Dr. Lloyd 
Dorsey, Md. 

Cane Head made of wood from the elm tree under which the 
treaty with the Indians was signed by Wm. Penn. Presented 
by Wm. L. Shoemaker, of Georgetown, D. C. 

Stirrup from Mrs. Washington's saddle. 

Several yards of deep fringe netted by the wife of President 
Madison. 

Pen and Paper-cutter in Leather Case. The pen was used 
in signing the contract of the purchase of Mount Vernon by 
the Ladies of the Association. Both presented to the first Regent 
by her physician, Dr. Hugh L. Hodge, of Philadelphia. 

Washington's Reading-glass. 

Minerals from Washington's birthplace. 



65 

Autograph Letter — Washington. 

Piece John Hancock's Writing Desk. 

Powder-horn and British Bayonet used at the battle of 
Concord. 

Pewter Platters, from Washington's camp equipage. 

Drawing by Washington of the corner fireplace in green 
room. 

Autograph Letler — Washington. 

Head of Wm. Penn's Walking Cane. 

Articles made of shingles from Washington's headquarters 
at Morristown . 

Glass Dish and Sword Belt belonging to Washington. 

Majolica Vases and Dressing-glass that belonged to Wash- 
ington's sister, Mrs. Betty Lewis. 

Genealogical Table of the Washington family. 

Curling-stick, made (probably for Nelhe Custis)by old West- 
Ford, a servant of Washington's. 

Piece of Chestnut Tree planted by Washington at Belmont, 
Judge Peters' place, near Philadelphia. 

A Round Table from " Eltham," which belonged to Mrs. Col. 
Bassett, sister of Mrs. Washington, deposited at Mount Vernon 
by her great granddaughter, Mrs. Lewis Washington. 

Hall — Second Floor. 
In Case. 

* Suit of Clothes and pair of stockings worn by Washington^ 
presented by Col. J. Murray Forbes. 

Six Water-Buckets, with name " George Wafhington." 

Original Draft of the Constitution of the " Ladies' Mount 
Vernon Association." Addressed " To the Hon. Edward Everett, 
Boston, Mass." 

Quilt and specimen of fine knitting done by Frances W. 
Ball, Washington's niece — daughter of his brother Charles, and 
grandmother of the late. Judge Charles B. Ball. Presented by 
Mrs. Emma K. Ball, Vice-Regent for Virginia. 

Walking Staff of Ye Olden Time. Presented, in 1887, by 
Herman K. Bradshaw, of Alexandria, Virginia. 

A " Charleville Gun," one of five hundred brought from 
France by General Lafayette, and by him presented to the Con- 
tinental Congress. It was purchased by Gen. N. Norris Hal- 
sted, who intended to donate it to the Mount Vernon Associa- 
tion. Mrs. Halsted, his widow, Vice-Regent for New Jersey,, 
donates it. 

* A very interesting history is connected with this suit of 
clothes. It may be found in the Report of the Association for 

1877. 



66 

Family Dining-room. 

In Corner Cupboard. 

Wedgewood Dish, from set iu S. C. ou which Washington 
breakfasted. 

Saucek used in 1775 by Mrs. Motte, of S. C. 

On Sideboard. 

Flintlock used by General Marion, of S. C, in the Revo- 
lutionary War. 

Virginia Room. 

Compass used by Washington. Presented by his great-nephew 
Judge C. B. Ball, of Virginia. 

West Parlor. 
The Large Globe by the case was used by Washington. 

LIST OF BOOKS, Etc. 

Purchased for Mount Vernon by the Regent, at the sale of Wash- 
ingtoniana in Philadelphia, December, 1890. 

* Henry Karnes. Some hints upon education, chiefly concern- 
ing culture of the heart. From Washington's Librarj^ with his 
autograph on title page. $85. 

* James Hervey's Meditation and Contemplation. 2 vols., 
12 mo, old calf. London, 1750. These volumes contain four au- 
tographs of Mary Washington, the General's mother, whose 
autograph is the rarest of all the Washington family. $154. 

* Autograph Contract of General Washington for the sale cf 
certain lands to George Ball, dated April lOth, 1797. 2 pages. 
The whole of this contract is in Washington's handwriting, and 
is signed twice by him, three times by George Ball, and once by 
William Wirt. $30. 

* Tlie Bee. The Literary Weekly Intelligencer, from Wash- 
ington's Library. $14. 

* Library Miscellany of Prose and Poetry, 1795. With auto- 
graph of Nellie Cusfcis. $5.50. 

* Autogi'aph Letters from Lawrence Lewis in regai-d to Wash- 
ington's estate, $5. 

Allan Ramsay. The tea-table miscellany, or a choice collec- 
tion of songs, Scottish and English. 12th edition. Porti-ait. 
4 vols, iu one. 12mo, old calf. Ediuboro, 1760. This volume 
has on the title page the autograph of Martha Parke Custis. 



* Selected by Miss Longfellow, Vice Regent for Massachusetts, as a 
gift from her State. 



67 

Volume of Piano Music — the words written and score drawn 
by Martha Parke Custis ; with her name written on the fly-leaf 
by Washington, thus: "Martha Parke Custis, March, 1768. 
4to, sheep. $50. 

John Dryden, The Fables of — ornamented with beautiful 
vignettes and full page engravings from the pencil of the Hon. 
Lady Diana Beauclerc. Royal folio, old calf, gilt. London, 

1797. $10.50. 

Henry Boswell. The antiquities of England and Wales dis- 
played, containing copious historical descriptions of the most 
remarkable and elegant ruins of ancient buildings, illustrated 
with old copper-plates. Folio, old calf, (binding broken). 
London, 1795. $5, 

James Cook. A voyage toward the South Pole, and around 
the world, in 1772, '73, '74, '75. Illustrated with fine old copper- 
plates, engraved by W. Wallett and others. 2 maps. 2 volumes. 
London, 1784. $6. 

John Oifford. The reign of Louis XV. A complete history 
of the French Revolution. 4to, old calf. London, 1795. 

$1.75. 

J. Miller. The country gentleman's architect, with 32 plates. 
London, 1795. $4. 

John Thorsby. The history and antiquities of the town and 
county of Nottingham. With portrait and numerous fine old 
etchings and copper-plates. 4to, calf. Nottingham, 1795. 

$8. 

Penny Magazine. 3 vols. 15 cents. 

John ISanderson. Biography of the Signers of the Declaration 
of Independence, with portraits. 9 vols. Old tree calf, gilt. 
Fine copy of first issue. $33.75. 

William Shakespeare. The plays of. Illustrated with copper- 
plates. 8 vols. 8vo, sheep. London, 1796. $4.40. 

Bushrod Washington. Reports of cases argued and deter- 
mined in Court of Appeals, Virginia. 2 vols. Richmond, 

1798. $1.80. 

Charles Lee, Memoir of. Second in command during the 
Revolution. 1793. $1.70. 

Letters from a Persian in England to his friend in Ispahan. 
London, 1735. 50 cents. 

Capt. Nathaniel Portlock. A voyage around the world, but 
more particularly to the Northwest coast of America, performed 
in 1785, '86, '87, '88. Illustrated with portrait and copper- 
plates. 4to, calf, gilt. London, 1789. $4.50, 

Fenelon. The Adventures of Teleraachus. Translated by 
John Hawkesworth. Illustrated with beautilul engravings after 
Stodhart. 2 vols, in one. 4to, half calf, gilt. London, 1793. 



68 

Harleian Miscellanies. A selection from the ' ' Of Tracts 
which principally regard the English History, of which many- 
are referred to by Hume." ito, half calf, gilt. London, 
1795. .flO. 

Edwards's Collection of scarce and interesting tracts, tending 
to elucidate detached parts of the History of Great Britain ; 
selected from Sommer's collections and arranged in chrono- 
logical order. 4to, half calf, gilt, London, 1795. $2. 

POHICK CHURCH. 
The Parish church of Mount Vernon, one of the 
oldest and most interesting in America, is located six 
miles from the Mansion, and took its name from the 
creek which runs near. The first records of the Parish 
were made in 1732, and the original edifice, which was 
of wood, was of greater antiquity. It was succeeded 
by the present brick structure, which was located and 
built under the superintendence of George Washing- 
ton, George Mason, George William Fairfax, and 
others. Here Washington and his family often at- 
tended service before the revolution, and his pew is 
still pointed out to visitors. His name appears as one 
of the Church Wardens in the interesting vestry-book, 
which, after having been lost for one hundred years, 
was recovered in 1887 by the late Eev. Philip Slaugh- 
ter, D. D., Historiographer of the Diocese of Virginia. 



ii 



69 

OFFICERS OF THK MOUNT VENON lADliS' ASSOCIATION. 

REGENT. 

Mrs. LilyL. Macalester Laughton, Washington, D. C, 
and " Torrisdale," Phila., Pa. 

VICE-REGENTS. 

Alabama : 

Arkansas : 

California : Mrs. Phoebe Apperson Hearst. 

Colorado : Mrs. Alice Hill. 

Connecticut: Mrs. Susan E. J. Hudson. 

Delaware : Miss Harriet Clayton Comegys. 

District of Columbia : Mrs. Mary T. Barnes. 

Florida : Mrs. Fanny G. Baker. 

Georgia: Mrs. Georgia K. Wilder. 

Idaho : 

Illinois : Mrs. Mary Leiter. 

Indiana : 

Iowa : 

Kansas : Mrs. Jennie Meeker Ward. 

Kentucky : Mrs. Eliza B. Woodward. 

Louisiana : Mrs. Ida Slocomb Eichardson. 

Maine : Mrs. Margaret J. M. Sweat. 

Maryland : Miss Emily L. Harper. 

Massachusetts : Miss Alice Longfellow. 

Michigan: Mrs. Elizabeth A. Eathbone. 

Minnesota: Mrs. Rebecca B. Flandrau 

Mississippi : 

Missouri : 

Nebraska : 

Nevada : 

New Hampshire : Mrs. A. R. Winder. 

New Jersey : 

New York : Mrs. Justine Van Rensselaer Townsend. 

North Carolina : Mrs. Letitia Morehead Walker. 



70 



Ohio: 

Oregon : 

Khode Island : Mrs. Abby Wheaton Chace. 

South CaroHna: Mrs. Lucy Holcombe E. Pickens. 

Tennessee : 

Texas ; 

Vermont : Mrs. CorneHus Lowe King. 

Virginia: Mrs. Emma Read Ball. 

Washington : 

West Virginia : Mrs. Ella Bassett Washington. 

Wisconsin : Mrs. Martha Mitchell. 

RESIDENT SECRETARY AND SUPERINTENDENT. 

Mr. Harrison H. Dodge. 

TREASURER. 

Mr. E. Francis Biggs, Washington, D. C. 

ADVISORY BOARD. 

District of Columbia : Mr. Justice Field, James C. 
Welling, LL. D. 

Delaware : Judge Joseph P. Comegys. 
Georgia: Col. C. C. Jones. 
New Jersey : Dr. Thomas M. McCarter. 
Pennsylvania: Hon. George W. Childs. 
Virginia: Hon. John S. Barbour. 



Post Office Established at Mt. Vernon in 1878. 



71 



WASHINGTON'S LIBRAEF. 



The following is a list of the books in the Mount Vernon Li- 
brary, taken from the inventory of Washington's personal prop- 
erty, made after his death by the appraisers appointed by order 
of Court. Certain of the titles, being manifestly inaccurate, 
have been corrected, and the amounts at which they were ap- 
praised have been omitted. Of the 863 volumes named, (pam- 
phlets, magazines, and maps not included,) 444 and several hun- 
dred pamphlets were purchased in 1848 for $5,000 for the Boston 
Athenaeum, that amount having been collected by subscription 
at the instance of Jared Sparks and Andrews Norton. They 
form a distinct division of the Library of that Institution. 

Gillies's Frederick, i vol. 
Goldsmith's Natural History, 8 vols 
Locke on Understanding, 2 vols. 
Shipley's Works, 2 vols. 
Buifon's Natural History, abridged, 

2 vols. 
Ramsay's History, 2 vols. 
The Bee, (13th vol. missing,) 18 vols* 
Sully's Memoirs, 6 vols. 
Fletcher's Appeal, i vol. 
History of Spain, 2 vols., 8vo. 
Jortin's Sermons, 2 vols. 
Chapman on Education, 1 vol. 
Smith's Wealth of Nations, 3 vols. 
History of Louisiana, 2 vols. 
Warren's Poems, i vol. 
Junius's Letters, i vol. 
City Addresses, i vol. 
Conquest of Canaan, i vol. 
Shakspeare's Works, i vol. 
Antidote to Deism, 2 vols. 
Memoirs of 2500, i vol. 
Forest's Voyage, 1 vol., 4to. 
Don Quixote, 4 vols. 
Ferguson's Roman History, 3 vols. 
Watson's History of Philip H., i vol. 
Barclay's Apology, i vol. 
Uniform of the Forces of Great Britain 

in 1742, I vol.* 



American Encyclopaedia, 18 vols., 4to. ' 
Skombrand's Dictionary, i vol. 
Memoir of a Map Hindostan, i vol., 

4to. 
Young's Travels, i vol. 
Johnson's Dictionary, 2 vols. 
Guthrie's Geography, 2 vols. 
Principles of Taxation, i vol. 
Luzac's Oration, i vol. 
Mawe's Gardener, i vol. 
Jeffries's Aerial Voyage, i vol. 
Beacon Hill, i vol. 
Memoirs of the American Academy, 

(one of which is a Pamphlet,) 2 

vols. 
Duhamel's Husbandry, i vol. 
Langley on Gardening, i vol. 
Price's Carpenter, i vol. 
Count de Grasse, i vol. 
Miller's Gardener's Dictionary, i vol. 
Gibson's Diseases of Horses, i vol. 
Rumford's Essays. 
Miller's Tracts, i vol., 8vo. 
Rowley's Works, 4 vols. 
Robertson's Charles V., 4 vols. 
Gordon's History of America, 4 vols. 
Gibbon's Roman Empire, 6 vols. 
Stanyan's Grecian History, 2 vols. 
Adam's Rome, 2 vols. 
Anderson's Institute, i vol. 
Robertson's America, 2 vols. 
Ossian's Poems, i vol. 
Humphreys's Works, i vol. 
King of Prussia's Works, 13 vols. 



* This work, executed by John 
Pine, was presented to Washington 
by the engraver's son, Robt. Edge 
Pine. It is now in the New York 
State Library at Albany. 



72 



Otway's Art of War, i vol. 
Political States of Europe, 8ivols.,8vo. 
Winchester's Lectures, 4 vols. 
Principles of Hydraulics, 2 vols. 
Leigh on Opium, i vol., 8vo. 
Heath's Memoirs, i vol. 
American Museum, 10 vols. 
Vertot's Rome, 2 vols. 
Harte's Gustavus, 2 vols. 
Moore's Navigation, i vol. 
Graham on Education, i vol. 
History of the Mission among the 

Indians in North America, i vol. 
French Constitution, i vol. 
Winthrop's Journal, i vol. 
American Magazine, i vol., Svo. 
Watts's Views, i vol., 4to. 
History of Marshal Turenne, 2 vols., 

Svo. 
Ramsay's Revolution of South C!aro- 

lina, 2 vols. 
History of Quadrupeds, i vol. 
Carver's Travels, i vol. 
Moore's Italy, 2 vols. 
Moore's France, 2 vols. 
Chastellux's Travels, i vol. 
Chastellux's Voyages, i vol. 
Volney's Travels, 2 vols. 
Volney's Ruins, i vol. 
Warville's Voyage, in French, 3 vols. 
Warville on the Relation of France 

to the U. States. 
Miscellanies, i vol., 4to. 
Fulton on Small Canals and Iron 

Bridges, i vol. 
Liberty, a Poem, i vol. 
Hazard's Collection of State Papers, 

2 vols. 
Young's Travels, 2 vols. 
West's Discourse, i vol. 
A Statement of the Representation of 

England and Wales, i vol. 
Miscellanies, 2 vols. 
Political Pieces, i vol. 
Treaties, i vol. 

Annual Register for 1781, i vol., 8vo. 
Masonic Constitution, i vol., 4to. 
Smith's Constitutions, i vol. 
Preston's Poems, 2 vols. 
History of the United States, 1796, 

I vol., Svo. 
Parliamentary Debates, 12 vols. 
Mair's Book-keeping, i vol. 



Proceedings of the East India Com- 
pany, I vol., folio. 

Ladies' Magazine, 2 vols., 8vo. 

Parliamentary Register, 7 vols. 

Pryor's [Prior] Documents, 2 vols. 

Remembrancer, 6 vols. 

European Magazine, 2 vols. 

Columbian Magazine, 5 vols. 

American Magazine, i vol. 

New York Magazine, i vol. 

Christian's Magazine, i vol. 

Walker on Magnetism, i vol. 

Monroe's View of the Executive, 
I vol. 

Massachusetts Magazine, 2 vols. 

A Five Minutes' Answer to Paine's 
Letter to General Washington, 
I vol. 

Political Tracts, 2 vols. 
'Proceedings on Parliamentary Re- 
form, I vol. 

Poems on Various Subjects, i vol. 

Plays, &c., I vol. 

Annual Register, 3 vols. 

Botanico-Medical Dissertation, i vol. 

Oracle of Liberty, i vol. 

Cadmus, i vol. 

Doctrine of Projectiles, i vol. 

Patricius the Utilist, i vol., 8vo. 

Ahiman Rezon, i vol. 

Sharp on the Prophecies, i vol. 

Minlo on Planets, i vol. 

Sharp on the English Tongue, i vol. 

Sharp on Limitation of Slavery, i vol. 

Sharp on the People's Rights, i vol. 

Sharp's Remarks, i vol. 

National Defence, i vol. 

Sharp's Free Militia, i vol. 

Sharp on Congressional Courts, i vol. 

Ahiman Rezon, i vol. 

Vision of Columbus, i vol. 

Wilson's Lectures, i vol. 

The Contrast, a Comedy, i vol. 

Sharp, An Appendix on Slavery, 1 vol. 

Muir's Trial, i vol. 

End of Time, i vol. 

Erskine's View of the War, i vol. 

Political Magazine, 3 vols. 

The Law of Nature, i vol., i2mo. 

Washington's Legacy, i vol. 

Political Tracts, i vol., Svo. 

America, i vol. 

Proofs of a Conspiracy, i vol. 



73 



Mackintosh's Defence, i vol. 

Mirabeau, i vol. 

Yirginia Journal, i vol., 4to. 

Miscellanies, i vol., 8vo. 

Poems, &c., I vol., 410. 

Morse's Geography, i vol., 8vo. 

Messages, i vol. 

History of Ireland, 2 vols. 

Harte's Works, i vol. 

Political Pamphlets, i vol. 

Burns's Poems, i vol. 

Political Tracts, i vol. 

Miscellanies, i vol. 

Higgins on Cements, i vol. 

Repository, 2 vols. 

Reign of George 111.^ i vol. 

Political Tracts, i vol. 

Tar Water, i vol. 

Minot's History, i vol. 

Mease on the Bite of a Mad Dog, i vol. 

Political Tracts, i vol. 

Reports, i vol. 

Revolution of France, i vol. 

Essay on Property, i vol. 

Sir Henry Clinton's Narrative, i vol. 

Lord North's Administration, i vol. 

Lloyd's Rhapsody, 1 vol. 

Tracts, i vol. 

Inland Navigation, i vol. 

Chesterfield's Letters, i vol. 

Smith's Constitutions, i vol., 4to. 

Morse's Geography, 2 vols., 8vo. 

Belknap's American Biography, 

2 vols. 

Belknap's History of New Hamp- 
shire, I vol. 

Belknap's History of New Hamp- 
shire, 3 vols. 

Minot's History of Massachusetts, 
I vol. 

Jenkinson's Collection of Treaties, 

3 vols. 

District of Maine, i vol., 8vo. 
Gulliver's Travels, 2 vols. 
Tracts on Slavery, i vol. 
Priestley's Evidences, i vol. 
Life of Buncle, 2 vols. 
Webster's Essays, i vol. 
Bartram's Travels, i vol. 
Bossu's Travels, 2 vols. 
Situation of America, i vol. 
Jefferson's Notes, i vol. 
Coxe's View, i vol. 



Ossian's Poems, i vol. 

Adams on Globes, i vol. 

Pike's Arithmetic, i vol. 

Barnaby's Sermons and Travels, 
I vol. 

Champion on Commerce, i vol. 

Brown's Bible, i vol. fol. 

Bishop Wilson's Bible, 3 vols. 

Bishop Wilson's Works, i vol. 

Laws of New York, 2 vols. 

Laws of Virginia, 2 vols. 

Middleton's Architecture, i vol. 

Miller's Naval Architecture, i vol. 

The Senator's Remembrancer, i vol. 

The Origin of the Tribes or Nations 
in America, i vol. 8vo. Barton. 

A Treatise on the Principles of Com- 
merce between Nations, i vol. 

Annual Register, i vol. 

General Washington's Letters, 2 vols. 

Insurrection, i vol. 

American Remembrancer, 3 vols. 

Epistles for the Ladies, i vol. 

Discourses upon Common Prayer, 
I vol. 

The Trial of the Seven Bishops, 
I vol. 8vo. 

Lebroune's Surveyor, i vol. folio. 

Sharp's Sermons, i vol. 8vo. 

Muir's Discourses, i vol. 

Emblems Divine and Moral, i vol, 

Yorick's Sermons, 2 vols. 

D'lvernois oh Agriculture, Colonies 
and Commerce, i vol. 

Pocket Dictionary, i vol. 

Prayer Book, i vol. 

Royal English Grammar, i vol. 

Principles of Trade Compared, i vol. 

Dr. Morse's Sermon, i vol. 

Duche's Sermon, 1775, i vol. 

Sermons, i vol. 

Embassy to China, i vol. 

Warren's Poems, i vol. 

Sermons, i vol. 

Humphrey Clinker, i vol. 

Poems, I vol. 

Swift's Works, i vol. 

History ofa Foundling, (3d vol. want- 
ing,) 3 vols. 

Adventures of Talemachus, 2 vols. 

Nature Displayed, i vol. 

Solymon and Almenia, i vol. 

Plays, I vol. 



74 



The High German Doctor, i vol. 

Benezet's Discourse, i vol. 

Life and Death of the Earl of Roch- 
ester, I vol. 

Journal of the Senate and House of 
Representatives, 9 vols. fol. 

Laws of the United States, 7 vols. 

Revised Laws of Virginia, i vol. 

Acts of Virginia Assembly, 5 vols. 

Cruttwell's Concordance, i vol. 

Dallas's Reports, i vol. 8vo. 

Swift's System, 2 vols. 

Journals of the Senate and House of 
Representatives, 3 vols. 

State Papers, i vol. 

Burns' Justice, 4 vols. 

Marten's Law of Nations, i vol. 

Views of the British Customs, i ^ol. 

Debates of Congress, 3 vols. 

Journals of Congress, 13 vols.* 

Laws of the United States, 3 vols. 

Kirby's Reports, i vol. 

Virginia Justice, i vol. 

Virginia Laws, i vol. 

Dogge on Criminal Law, 3 vols. 

Laws of the United States, 2 vols. 

Debates of the State of Massachusetts 
on the Constitution, i vol. 

Sharp on the Law of Nature, i vol. 

Sharp on the Law of Retribution, 
I vol. 

Sharp on Libels and Juries, i vol. 

Acts of Congress, i vol. 

Debates of the Convention of Vir- 
ginia, I vol. 

The Landlord's Law, i vol., i2mo. 

Attorney's Pocket-book, 2 vols., 8vo, 

President's Messages, i vol. 

Jay's Treaty, i vol. 

Debates of the Convention of Massa- 
chusetts, I vol. 

Law against Bankrupts, i vol. 

Debates in the Convention of Penn- 
sylvania, I vol. 

Debates in the Convention of Vir- 
ginia, I vol. 

Debates in the House of Representa- 
tives of the United States with re- 
spect to their power on Treaties, 
I vol. 

* In the Library of the Department 
of State, Washington. 



Sundry Pamphlets containing Mes- 
sages from the President to Con- 
gress, S:c. 

Orations, i vol., 4to. 

Gospel News, i vol., 8vo. 

Mosaical Creation, i vol., Bvo. 

Original and Present State of Man, 
I vol. 

Sermons, 2 vol. 

Political Sermons, 3 vols. 

Misscellanies, i vol. 

Ray on the Wisdom of God in Crea- 
tion, I vol. 

Orations, i vol. 

Medical Tracts, 2 vols. 

Masonic Sermons, i vol. 

Miscellanies, i vol. 

Backus's History, i vol. 

Sick Man Visited, i vol. 

State of Man, i vol. 

Churchill's Sermon, i vol. 

Account of the Protestant Church, 
I vol. 

Exposition of the Thirty-Nine Ar- 
ticles, I vol. 

Dodington's Diary, i vol. 

Daveies' Cavalry, i vol. 

Simms's Military Course, i vol. 

Gentleman's Magazine, 3 vols. 

Library Catalogue, i vol. 

Transactions of the Royal Humane 
Society, i vol. 

Zimmermann's Survey, i vol. 

History of Barbary, i vol. 

Anson's Voyage round the World, 
I vol. 

Horseman and Farrier, i vol. 

Gordon's Geography, i vol. 

Kentucky, 1 vol. 

History of Virginia, i vol. 

American Revolution, 1 vol. 

Cincinnati, i vol. 

Political Tracts, i vol. 

Remarks on the Encroachment of 
the River Thames, i vol. 

Sharp on Crown Law, i vol., Svo. 

Common Sense, &c., i vol. 

Hardy's Tables, i vol. 

Beauties of Sterne, i vol. 

Peregrine Pickle, 3 vols. 

McFingal, i vol. 



I 



75 



Memoirs of the Noted Buckhorse, 
2 vols, 

Odyssey, (Pope's translation of Ho- 
mer,) 5 vols. 

Miscellanies, 3 vols. 

Fitzosborne's Letters, i vol. 

Voltaire's Letters, 1 vol. 

Guardian, 2 vols. 

Beauties of Swift, i vol. 

The Gleaner, 3 vols. 

Lee's Memoirs, i vol. 

The Universalist, i vol. 

Chesterfield's Letters, 4 vols. 

Louis XV., 4 vols. 

Bentham's Panoption, 3 vols. 

Reason, &c., i vol. 

Tour through Great Britain, 4 vols. 

Female Fortune-Hunter, 3 vols. 

The Supposed Daughter, 3 vols. 

Gil Bias, 4 vols. 

Columbian Grammar, i vol. 

Frazier's Assistant, i vol. 

Review of Cromwell's Life, i vol. 

Seneca's Mor 'Is, i vol. 

Travels of Cyrus, i vol. 

Miscellanies, i vol 

Charles XIL, I vol. 

Emma Corbet, (the 2d vol. wanting,) 
2 vols. 

Pope's Works, 6 vols., i2mo. 

Foresters, i vol. 

Adams's Defence, i vol., 8vo. 

Butler's Hudibras, i vol. 

Spectator, 6 vols. 

New Crusoe, i vol. 

Philadelphia Gazette, i vol., fol. 

Pennsylvania Packet, 2 vols 

Gazette of the United States, 10 vols. 

Atlas to Guthrie's Geography, i vol. 

Moir Atlas, I vol. 

West India Atlas, i vol. 

General Geographer, i vol. 

Atlas of North America, i vol. 

Manoeuvres, 1 vol., 8vo. 

Military Instructions, i vol. 

Count Saxe's Plan for New-modelling 
the French Army, i vol. 

Military Discipline, i vol., 410. 

Prussian Evolutions, i vol. 

Code of Military Standing Resolu- 
tions, 2 vols. 

Field Engineer, i vol., 8vo. 

Army List, i vol. 



Prussian Evolutions, i vol., 4to. 

Leblond's Engineer, 2 vols., 8vo. 

MuUer on Fortification, i vol. 

Essays on Field Artillery, by Ander- 
son, I vol. 

A System of Camp Discipline, i vol. 

Essay on the Art of War, i vol. 

Treatise of Military Discipline, i vol. 

List of Military Officers, British and 
Irish, in 1777, i vol. 

Vallancey on Fortification, 1 vol. 

Muller on Artillery, i vol. 

Muller on Fortification, i vol. 

Militia, i vol., 8vo. 

American Atlas, i vol., fol. 

Steuben's Regulations, i vol., 8vo. 

Traite de Cavalerie, i vol,, fol. 

Truxton on Latitude and Longitude, 
I vol. 

Ordinances of the King, i vol. 

Magnetic Atlas, i vol. 

Roads through England, i vol., 8vo. 

Carey's War Atlas, i vol., fol. 

Caller's Survey of Roads, i vol., 
8vo. 

Military Institutions for Officers, 
I vol. 

Norfolk Exercise, i vol. 

Advice of Officers of the British 
Army, i vol. 

Webb's Treatise on the Appoint- 
ments of the Army, i vol. 

Acts of the Parliament respecting 
Militia, i vol. 

The Partisan, i vol. 

Anderson on Artillery, (in French,) 

1 vol. 

List of Officers under Sir William 
Howe in America, i vol. 

Th Military Guide, i vol. 

The Duties of Soldiers in General, 
3 vols. 

Young's Tour, 2 vols. 

Young on Agriculture, (17 vols., full 
bound, 8 half bound, and i pam- 
phlet,) 26 vols. 

Anderson on Agriculture, (i vol., full 
bound, the others in boards,) 4 
vols. 

Lisle's Observations on Husbandry, 

2 vols. 

Museum Rusticum, 6 vols. 
Marshall's Rural Ornament, 2 vols. 



76 



Barlow's Husbandry, 2 vols. 
Kennedy on Gardening, 2 vols. 
Hale on Husbandry, 4 vols. 
Sentimental Magazine, 5 vols. 
Price on the Picturesque, 2 vols. 
Agriculture, 2 vols. 
Miller's Gardener's Calendar, i vol. 
Rural Economy, i vol., 8vo. 
Agricultural Inquiries, i vol. 
Maxwell's Practical Husbandry, i v. 
Boswell on Meadows, i vol. 
Gentleman Farmer, i vol. 
Practical Farmer, i vol. 
Millwright and Miller's Guide, i vol. 
Bordley on Husbandry, i vol. 
Sketches and Inquiries, i vol. 
Farmer's Complete Guide, i vol. 
The Solitary, or Carthusian Gar- 
dener, I vol. 
Homer's Illiad by Pope, (first two 

vols, wanting,) 4 vols. 
Don Quixote, 4 vols. 
Federalist, 2 vols. 
The World Displayed, (13th vol. 

wanting,) iq vols. , 12 mo. 
Search's Essays, 2 vols., 8vo. 
Freneau's Poems, i vol. 
Cattle Doctor, i vol. 
Stephens's Directory, i vol. •* 
New System of Agriculture, i vol. 
Columbus's Discovery, i vol. 
Moore's Travels, 5 vols. 
Agricultural Society of New York, 

I vol., 4to. 
Transactions of the Agricultural So- 
ciety of New York, i vol. 
Annals of Agriculture, i vol. 
Dun'donald's Connection between Ag- 
riculture and Chemistry, i vol. 
Labors in Husbandry, i vol. 
Account of Different Kind of Sheep, 

I vol., 8vo. 
The Hothouse Gardener, i vol. 
Historical Memoirs of Frederick II., 

3 vols. 
Treatise of Peat Moss, i vol. 
Treatise on Bogs and Swampy 

Grounds, i vol. 
Complete Farmer, i vol., fol. 

Pamphlets — 
Reports of the National Agricultural 
Society of Great Britain, 100 
Nos., 4to. 



Massachusetts Magazine, 41 vols. 

8vo. 
New York Magazine, 38 vols. 
London Magazine, 18 vols. 
Political Magazine, 8 vols. 
Universal Asylum, 9 vols. 
Universal Magazine, 11 vols. 
Country Magazine, 15 vols. 
Monthly and Critical Reviews, 11 

vols. 
Gentleman's Magazine, 8 vols. 
Congressional Register, 9 vols. 
Miscellaneous Magazine, 27 vols. 
Tom Paine's Rights of Man, 43 vols. 
Miscellaneous Magazine, 27 vols. 

Hazard's Collection of State Papers, 
2 vols., 4to. 

Morse's American Gazetter, i vol., 
8vo. 

Annals of Agriculture, (20 and 21,) 
2 vols. 

On the American Revolution, i vol. 

15 Pamphlets, Annals of Agricul- 
ture. 

Judge Peters on Plaster of Paris, 
I vol. 

Belknap's Biography, i vol. 

American Remembrancer, i vol. 

Federalist, 2 vols. 

A Pamphlet, The Debate of Parlia- 
ment on the Articles of Peace, 
I vol. 

History of the American War in 17 
pamphlets. 

Miscellaneous Pamphlets, 26 Nos. 

Washington, a Poem. 

Alfieri,Bruto Primo, Italian Tragedy. 

Fragment of Politics and Literature, 
by Mandrillon, (in French,) i vol., 
8vo. 

Revolution of France and Geneva, 
(in French,) 2 vols. 

History of the Administration of the 
Finances of the French Repub- 
lic, I vol. 

History of the French Administra- 
tion, I vol. 

The Social Compact, (in French,) 
I vol. 

Chasteilux's Travels in North Amer- 
ica, (in French,) 2 vols., 8vo. 



77 



I Pamphlet, Of the French Revolu- 
tion at Geneva. 

America Delivered, a Poem, (in 
French,) 2 vols. 

Sinclair's Statistics, (in French,) 

1 vol. 

The Works of Monsieur Chamousset, 
(in French,) 2 vols. 

Letters of American Farmer, (in 
French,) 3 vols. 

Germanicus, (in French,) i vol. 

Triumph of the New World, (in 
French,) 2 vols. 

United States of America, (in Ger- 
man,) I vol. 

Chastellux, Discourse on the Ad- 
vantage of the Discovery of 
America, i vol. 

A German Book, i vol. 

The French Mercury, (in French,) 
4 vols. 

Essay on Weights, Measures, &c., 

2 vols. 

History of England, 2 vols. 
Political Journal, (in German,) i vol. 
Letters in French and English, i vol. 
History of the Holy Scriptures, 

I vol. 
History of Gil Bias, 2 vols. 
Telemachus, 2 vols. 
Poems of M. Grecourt, 2 vols. 
Court Register, 6 vols., i2mo. 
6 Pamphlets, Political Journal, (in 

German.) 
Description of a Monument, i vol. 
Beacon Hill, i vol. 
Letters in the English and German 

Languages, i vol. 
A Family Housekeeper, i vol. 
Pamphlets of different descriptions. 

Maps, Charts, &c. 
Chart of Navigation from the Gulf 

of Honda to Philadelphia, by 

Hamilton Moore. 
Chart of Navigation from the Gulf of 

Honda to Bay of Fundy, do. 
Griffith's Map of Pennsylvania and 

Sketch of Delaware. 
Howell's large Map of Pennsylvania. 
Henry's Map of Virginia. 
Bradley's Map of the United States. 
Holland's Map of New Hampshire. 



Ellicott's Map of the West End of 
Lake Ontario. 

Hutchin's Map of the Western Part 
of Virginia, Maryland, Penn- 
sylvania, and North Carolina. 

Adlum and William's Map of Penn- 
sylvania. 

Map of Kennebec River, &c. 

Andrew's Military Map of the Seat 
of War in the Netherlands. 

Howell's small Map of Pennsylvania. 

Great Canal betw'n Forth and Clyde. 

Plan of the Line between North 
Carolina and Virginia. 

M'Murray's Map of United States. 

Military Plans of the American Rev- 
olution. 

Evans's Map of Pennsylvania, New 
Jersey, N. York, and Delaware. 

Plan of the Mississippi from the River 
Iberville to the River Yazoo. 

Map of India. 

Chart of France. 

Map of the World. 

Map of the State of Connecticut. 

Spanish Maps. 

Table of Commerce and Population 
of France. 

Battle of the Nile, &c. 

Routes and Order of Battle of Gen- 
erals St. Clair and Harmer. 

Truxtun on the Rigging of a Frigate. 

View of the Encampment of West 
Point. 

Emblematic Prints. 

Plan of the Government House of 
New York. 

Chase and Action between the Con- 
stellation and Insurgent, (2 
prints.) 

General Wilkinson's Map of Part of 
the Western Territory. 

Plan of Mount Vernon, by John 
Vaughan. 

Specimen of Penmanship. 

5 Plans of the Federal City and Dis- 
trict. 

I large draught. 

Plan of the City of New York Pan- 
opticon. 

Hoop's Map of the State of New- 
York. 



78 



Howell's Pocket Map of the State of 
Pennsylvania. 

A French Map of the Carolinas. 

Fry and Jefferson's Map of Virginia. 

Howell's small Map of Pennsylva- 
nia. 

A Map of New England. 

9 Maps of different Parts of Virginia 
and Carolina, and also a number 
of loose Maps. 

Carlton's Map ^2 sets) of the Coasts 
of North America. 



Treatise on Cavalry, with large cuts. 
Walker's View in Scotland. 
A large Portfolio, with sundry En- 
gravings. 
Alexander's Victories, 26 Prints. 
Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 4 

vols., 8vo. 
Smollet's History of England, 1 vol. 
Handmaid to the Arts, 1 vol. 
Bancroft on Permanent Colors, i vol. 



Mertxoranda. 



Memoranda. 



Memoranda. 



Correspondence Solicited. Workmen Sent to any part 
of the Country. 

TiIp ^hnn Washington, d.c. 

1 lie OllUp 5^0 I3TH STREET. 

-JOHN HERBERT CORNING- 

CONTRACTOR-FOR-TILE-AND-FORGED- 

-IRON-WORK-ORIGINAL- DESIGNS- FOR-FIRE-PLACES- 

EXECUTED- IN -MARBLE- STONE-BRICK-TERRA-COTTA- 

-AND-TILE- -MANTELS- 

-MOSAICS-FOR-FLOOR-AND-WALL-DECORATION- 

-FINE- CARVINGS- STAINED- AND-MOSAIC- GLASS-RARE- 

-MARBLES- -GRATES-' -ANDIRONS- -FENDERS- 







-ANDIRONS-FROM-MOUNT-VERNON- 

(PERMISSION OF THE CENTURY CO.) 



-SOUVENIR-OF-MOUNT-VERNON-REPRODUCTION- 
-OF-THESE-ANDIRONS - IN - BRASS - MAY- BE-PURCHASED ■ 



-AT 



™E-TiIe-Shop- 



NOVELTIES IN WKOUOHT-IKON. 



THE IRON AND STEEL STEAMER 

CHARLES MACALESTER, 

Which has been recently built and furnished, 

Is the only Boat allowed to land Passengers 
at Mount Vernon Wharf. 




Including admission to Mansion and Grounds, 



Elegant Cafe on the boat. Meals and lunches 
served promptly. Mount Vernon guide-books can 
be procured on the boat. 

From April 15th to September 15th, steamer 
leaves Seventh-street Wharf daily (Sundays ex- 
cepted) at 10 A. M. and 2.30 P. M., returning at 
2 and 5.45 P. M. 

From September 15th to April 15th, the steamer 
leaves at 10 A. M., and, returning, reaches Wash- 
ington at 3 P. M. 

HARRISON H. DODGE, 

Sup't Ladies' Mount Vernon Association. 
L. L. BLAKE 

Ciptain Charles Macalester. 



LIST OF 

SHMITBS, ^G 



^ m^AJm^ 



Grown at Mount Vernon, and sold for the benefit of 
the place. 



Magnolias, Grandiflora and Purpurea. 

Hydrangea ftuereifolia. — Grown from shrub 
planted at Mt. Vernon by Lafayette in 1824. 

Boxwood Plants and Willows from Napo- 
leon's Grave, at St. Helena. — Cuttings. 

Cycas Revoluta (Sago Palm). — Grown from the 
only greenhouse plant now living, which was 
at Mount Vernon during tlie General's life- 
time. 

Calycanthus Floridus and Hardy Flowering 
Shrubs and Vines, Roses, Bulbs, Bed- 
ding Plants, &c. 

Rose Mary Washington. — Grown from a plant 
which the traditions of Mount Vernon tell us 
was introduced by General Washington and 
named for his mother. 

Agaves (Aloes or Century Plant). 



Plants, &c., sent to all parts of the Union by either mail or 
express, as purchaser may prefer. 



Information will be furnished, prices, &c., given, by inquir- 
ing of, or addressing — 

FRANKLIN A. WHELAN, 

MOUNT VE^tNON (on the Potomac), 

FAIRFAX COUNTY, VA. 



LUKE C. DILLON, 

PHDTOGRIIPHLII TO MOUNT VERNON 



OFFICE AT 



PULLMAN'S GALLERY, 

No. 935 Pennsylvania Avenue, 
p. O. Box 655. WASHINGTON, D. C. 



VIEWS OF 

THE TOMB, 

THE MANSION, 

AND OF THE ROOMS 

For Sale on the Grounds. 



6E0UPS TAKEN OF VISITOKS IF DESIRED. 



THE 



34, Place St. Georges, 

Entree : J4, Rue N. D. de Lorette, 

PARIS. 



Madame CLARICE ZISKA, 

Prima Donna Assoluta of the Italian Opera, 

PROKESSOR OF" SINGING. 

Pupil of La FREZZOLINI, MERCADANTE & THALBERG. 

Singing Lessons in English, Italian, French, and Spanish. 
ALL LESSONS PAID IN ADVANCE. 

The Pupils of Madame Ziska are to be heard in the chief 
Opera Houses and Concert Halls of Europe. 

THURSDAY-SUNDAY. 

FANNY ANSART, 

LATEST STYLES OF 

51 bis RUE STE. ANNE, 

PARIS. 

Orders promptly filled at Hotels and Pensions. 



Costumes Matched. Feathers Re-curled. 



M'me Ansart can give references from a long list of American 
patrons, and from American residents in Paris. 



ELKS DINING ROOMS, 

930 Penna. Ave. N.W. 

A novel enterprise established in Washington by JOHN P. 
LYONS, is attractive both to citizens and visitors. In connec- 
tion with the eating-house, where first-class meals are served 
for 15 and 25 cents, he has set up 

AN ENGLISH CHOP-RANGE, 

the only one in the city, on which broiling and roasting are done 
to perfection. 

OYSTERS A SPECIALTY. 

Mr. Lyons conducts an eating-house at 340 East Baltimore 
street (opposite the Sun office, Baltimore), which is one of the 
largest rooms in the United States used for a dining-room, hav- 
ing space for fifty 8-foot tables. 




OME 



^O.Cts.AYear^ 
B R^rmx- PuBu sfftN & Co 

WASHm&TON D.C. 



IZrZMODAVGZZSZS. 



Incorporaied June 2d, 1890. 



A joint-stock company, organized for the purpose of secur- 
ing a building to be used for meetings composed of Women, or 
called to advance their interests. 

The shares of stock are 

$5.00 each, unassessable. 

The officers are bonded. 
Bank of deposit : Lincoln National Bank. 
Woman's Beading Room, at 1406 G St. N.W., is open daily 
from 9 A. M. to 10 P. M. Strangers cordially invited. 



EMMA J. WOODARD, 

Secretary^ 
1406 G St. N.W. 



E. M. GILLETT, 

Treasurer^ 
802 F St. N.W. 



HARVEV'S 

OLD ESTABLISHED 

OYSTER SALOON AND RESTAURANT, 

For Jjiulies and Geiitleiiieii. 




The largest and most complete oyster house in the cit3^ 
Every brand of salt water oysters. 

The best conducted restaurant in Washington. 

You must go to Hakvey's for the three most delicate dishes 
of the American Continent — Oystebs, Diamond-Back Tekra- 
piN, and Canvas-Back Ducks. All delicacies of the season 
always on hand. 

Visitors to our city will find the far-famed reputation of this 
saloon fully sustained. Polite attention. Reasonable prices. 
Oysters furnished of all flavors for dinner parties. 

HARVEY, 

the originator of the celebrated steamed oysters. All others 
are copies. 

1016 Corner Penna. Ave. and 11th St., 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

Four-story iron front building. 



S.W. Corner M and nth Streets. 



BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR YOUNG 
LADIES AND LITTLE GIRLS. 



Seventeenth Year begins Monday, October 5, 1891. Thorough 
instruction in all departments in accordance with best modern 
methods. 

Buildings remodeled, enlarged, and furnished with every ap- 
pliance conducive to health and comfort of pupils, including 
passenger elevator, steam heat, and perfect sanitation. 

For further particulars apply after September 1st to the 
principal. 

Mrs. ELIZABETH J. SOMERS. 



COLUMBIA NATIONAL BANK, 

911 F Street N.W., 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 



OFFICERS. 

E. SouTHAKD Parker, President. P. L. Hough, Cashier. 



B, H. Warner, 

C. C. Duncanson, 
W. B. Gurley, 
Crosby S. Noyes, 
H. K, Willard, 



DIRECTORS. 

W. E. Barker, 
Jno. Joy Edson, 
B. F. Leigbton, 
M. M. Parker, 
John B. Larner, 



C. B. Bailey, 
Albert P. Fox, 
O. G. Staples, 
George Truesdell, 
S. W. Woodward. 



DISCOUNT DAY, TUESDAY. 



SAFEST, FASTEST & FINEST 

TRAINS IN AMERICA, 

RUN VIA 




lio Railroad 



BETWEEN 

NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, 

BALTIMORE & WASHINGTON 

ALL TRAINS VESTIBULED FROM END TO END, 

And protected by Pullman's Anti-Telescoping Appliance, in- 
cluding Baggage Cars, Day Coaches, Parlor 
Cars, and Sleepers. 

ALL CARS HEATED BY STEAM AND LIGHTED BY PINTSCH GAS, 

The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 

Maintains a Complete Service of Vestibule Express Trains 
between 

New York, Cincinnati, 

St. Louis, and Chicago, 

EQUIPPED WITH 

PULLMAN PALACE SLEEPING CARS, 

RUNNING THROUGH WITHOUT CHANGE. 

All B. & 0. Trains Between the East and 
West run via Washington. 

PRINCIPAL offices: 



211 Washington St., Boston, Mas3. 

415 Broadway, New York. 

N.E. Cor, 9th and Chestnut Sts., 

Philadelphia, Pa. 
Cor. Baltimore and Calvert Sts., 

Baltimore, Md. 



1351 Penna. Ave., Washington, D. C. 
Cor. Wood St. and Fifth Ave., Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 
Cor. 4th and Vine Sts., Cincinnati, O. 
193 Clark St., Chicago, HI. 
105 North Broadway, St. Louis, Mo. 



J. T. ODELL,, CHAS. O. SCULL, 

General Manager. Qeneral Passenger Agent. 

BALTIMORE:, MD. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 





011 836 651 7 



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